A client is to receive a penicillin intramuscular (IM) injection in the ventrogluteal site. What is the correct angle that the nurse should use for the needle insertion?

A) Ask the client what prescribed medications are taken at home: While obtaining information about the client's home medications is important, this action does not address the specific issue of the unclear order. It is not an appropriate substitute for clarifying the medication order that the nurse is having difficulty transcribing.

B) Contact the prescriber to clarify the order: This is the best action for the nurse to take. If the nurse is unsure about the order due to illegible handwriting, the safest and most effective way to clarify the order is to directly contact the prescriber. This ensures that the nurse administers the correct medication and dose, reducing the risk of medication errors.

C) Wait until the prescriber makes rounds again to clarify the order: Waiting for the prescriber to make rounds is not an appropriate or timely solution. Medication administration should not be delayed due to unclear orders, as it could lead to treatment delays or potential harm to the patient. Immediate clarification is necessary.

D) Ask a colleague what the order says: While consulting a colleague might be helpful, it is not the most reliable or safe course of action. The nurse should not rely on others to interpret unclear orders, as there may be different interpretations or misunderstandings. Contacting the prescriber directly ensures the order is clarified accurately and safely.

A) Opioid drugs are highly addictive, and the healthcare provider is concerned you will become addicted: While it is true that opioids have the potential for addiction, this response does not address the actual reason for the difference in morphine dosages. The provider's decision is likely based on the pharmacokinetics of the drug rather than a concern about addiction. This response could create unnecessary concern for the client and does not explain the dose discrepancy.

B) Morphine is highly bound to protein in your blood, and you are at risk for toxicity due to surgery: While morphine is protein-bound, the primary reason for the difference in the intravenous (IV) dose is not related to protein binding. The main difference is related to the route of administration and how the body processes the drug. The nurse should provide a more accurate explanation regarding the absorption and metabolism of morphine rather than focusing on protein binding or potential toxicity.

C) "Morphine taken by mouth passes through the liver, and some of the medication is made inactive": This is the best response. When morphine is taken orally, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and passes through the liver before reaching systemic circulation, a process known as the "first-pass effect." During this process, a portion of the drug is metabolized and rendered inactive, meaning that a higher oral dose is required to achieve the desired effect. When morphine is administered intravenously, it bypasses the liver and directly enters the bloodstream, leading to a more immediate and potent effect, which is why a lower dose is needed.

D) "The healthcare provider is cautious with opioids and starts low and adjusts the dose up as needed": While this is a valid approach to opioid prescribing, it doesn't fully explain why the client is receiving a smaller dose intravenously. The reason for the dose difference is based on the route of administration and the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug, not just a general cautious approach. This answer doesn't provide a clear explanation of why the IV dose is smaller.