A client is wondering about the genetic factors that contribute to depression. What is the relationship between genetic factors and depression according to the text?

Depression is solely caused by genetic factors, with no influence from environmental factors.

Genetic factors play a minor role in depression, with environmental factors being the primary cause.

Genetic theory suggests that specific genes are responsible for causing depression, independent of environmental factors.

Genetic factors make some individuals more vulnerable to developing depression, but environmental factors also play a significant role in its expression.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

Depression is not solely caused by genetic factors. While genetics do play a role in predisposing individuals to depression, it's a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental influences that contribute to the development of the disorder.

Choice B rationale:

Genetic factors are not minor players in depression. Research suggests that genetics can significantly influence a person's susceptibility to depression. However, environmental factors, such as trauma, stress, and life experiences, also contribute substantially to the onset and course of depression.

Choice C rationale:

The relationship between genetics and depression is not as straightforward as specific genes causing depression independently of environmental factors. Depression is a multifactorial disorder influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

Choice D rationale:

This is the correct answer. Genetic factors do contribute to an individual's vulnerability to depression. Studies of families, twins, and heritability have demonstrated a genetic component to depression. However, it's crucial to recognize that genetic predisposition interacts with environmental factors. Trauma, loss, chronic stress, and other environmental triggers can precipitate depressive episodes in genetically susceptible individuals.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Increased interest in activities is not consistent with the clinical presentation of MDD. In fact, a hallmark symptom of MDD is anhedonia, which involves a reduced interest or pleasure in most activities.

Choice B rationale:

Weight gain is not typically associated with MDD. In contrast, significant changes in appetite and weight loss are more common symptoms, often accompanied by feelings of worthlessness or guilt related to body image.

Choice C rationale:

Excessive guilt and self-blame are common cognitive and emotional symptoms of MDD. Individuals with MDD tend to have a negative self-perception and may blame themselves for their difficulties.

Choice D rationale:

Insomnia, or difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, is a common sleep disturbance associated with MDD. Sleep problems can exacerbate the symptoms of depression and impact overall well-being.

Choice E rationale:

Elevated mood and increased energy are actually more indicative of conditions like bipolar disorder or manic episodes, where there are distinct periods of abnormally elevated mood, known as mania or hypomania.

A. Acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). B. Glutamate and epinephrine. C. Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. D. Endorphins and oxytocin.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are not the primary neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response. Acetylcholine plays a role in memory and muscle control, while GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety and sleep. These neurotransmitters are not as closely associated with the functions mentioned in the question.

Choice B rationale:

Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is a hormone that prepares the body for the fight-or-flight response. While both glutamate and epinephrine play important roles in various physiological responses, they are not primarily responsible for regulating mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response as mentioned in the question.

Choice C rationale:

Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are all key neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response. These neurotransmitters have been extensively studied in the context of mood disorders like Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Serotonin is often associated with feelings of well-being and happiness, dopamine is linked to pleasure and reward pathways, and norepinephrine is involved in the body's stress response. Imbalances in these neurotransmitters have been implicated in the development of mood disorders.

Choice D rationale:

Endorphins and oxytocin are important neurotransmitters, but they are not as directly related to the regulation of mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response as the neurotransmitters mentioned in choice C. Endorphins are known for their role in pain modulation and feelings of pleasure, while oxytocin is often referred to as the "bonding hormone" and is associated with social connections and childbirth.

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A client is wondering about the genetic factors that contribute to depression. What is the relationship between genetic factors and depression according to the text?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is assessing a client for major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent with the clinical presentation of MDD? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["C","D"]

Explanation

A nurse is explaining the role of neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of MDD to a group of nursing students. Which neurotransmitters are mentioned in the text as being involved in regulating mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) according to DSM-5. Which of the following are part of the diagnostic criteria? Select all that apply.

A nurse is administering a depression assessment tool to a client. The tool evaluates mood, anxiety, insomnia, somatic symptoms, and other aspects of depression. Which assessment tool is the nurse most likely using?

A nurse is conducting a mental health assessment on a client. The client reports feeling extremely fatigued, having difficulty concentrating, and having thoughts of worthlessness. The nurse recognizes these as:

A nurse is providing education to a group of nursing students about major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of MDD?

A nurse is assessing a client who has been experiencing persistent feelings of sadness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. The client denies any history of manic episodes. Which of the following conditions should the nurse consider as a possible differential diagnosis for this client?

A client is experiencing persistent feelings of sadness, guilt, and worthlessness. They also report significant weight loss and insomnia. The nurse suspects the client may have:

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is educating a client about the psychosocial factors that can influence or be influenced by depression. Which of the following factors are associated with depression and its effects on cognitive processes? Select all that apply.

A nurse is discussing the various treatment approaches for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with a client. Which treatment modality involves stimulating the brain electrically or magnetically to induce changes in neuronal activity and neuroplasticity?