A client returns to the clinic for follow-up treatment after a skin biopsy of a suspicious lesion performed 1 week ago. The biopsy report indicates that the lesion is a melanoma. The nurse understands that melanoma has which characteristics?
The lesion is asymmetrical and dark brown or black
The lesion has a high risk for metastasis
The skin around the lesion is warm and red
The lesion is in an area that is frequently exposed to sunlight
The lesion is painful
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A Reason: This is correct because melanoma is a type of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, which are cells that produce pigment. Melanoma lesions are often irregular in shape and color, and may have different shades of brown or black.
Choice B Reason: This is correct because melanoma is a very aggressive and invasive type of skin cancer that can spread quickly to other parts of the body through the blood or lymphatic system. Melanoma has a high mortality rate if not detected and treated early.
Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because warm and red skin around a lesion may indicate inflammation or infection, but not necessarily melanoma. Melanoma lesions may have other signs, such as bleeding, itching, or ulceration.
Choice D Reason: This is correct because melanoma is associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or artificial sources, such as tanning beds. UV radiation can damage the DNA of melanocytes and cause them to grow abnormally.
Choice E Reason: This is incorrect because melanoma lesions are usually not painful unless they are ulcerated or infected. Pain may be a sign of other types of skin conditions, such as burns, blisters, or cuts.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because earphones are not used in the Rinne test. The Rinne test compares air conduction and bone conduction of sound using a tuning fork.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because electrodes are not used in the Rinne test. Electrodes are used in electroencephalography (EEG), which measures brain activity.
Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because a probe is not used in the Rinne test. A probe is used in tympanometry, which measures the pressure and mobility of the eardrum.
Choice D Reason: This is correct because a tuning fork is used in the Rinne test. The tuning fork is placed on the mastoid process behind the ear and then moved near the ear canal to compare the sound perception.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This is correct because clinical obesity is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Clinical obesity is defined by having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, or a waist circumference of more than 40 inches for men or 35 inches for women. Obesity can increase insulin resistance and inflammation, which can lead to metabolic syndrome.
Choice B Reason: This is correct because elevated blood pressure is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Elevated blood pressure is defined by having a systolic blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or higher, or a diastolic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg or higher. High blood pressure can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with metabolic syndrome.
Choice C Reason: This is correct because high triglycerides are a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Triglycerides are a type of fat that circulates in the blood and provides energy for the cells. High triglycerides are defined by having a level of 150 mg/dL or higher. High triglycerides can increase the risk of fatty liver disease and pancreatitis, which are related to metabolic syndrome.
Choice D Reason: This is correct because hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Hypercholesterolemia is defined by having a total cholesterol level of 200 mg/dL or higher, or a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level of 100 mg/dL or higher. LDL cholesterol is also known as "bad" cholesterol because it can build up in the arteries and cause plaque formation and narrowing, which can lead to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome.
Choice E Reason: This is correct because hyperglycemia is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Hyperglycemia is defined by having a fasting blood glucose level of 100 mg/dL or higher, or a hemoglobin A1c level of 5.7% or higher. Hemoglobin A1c is a measure of average blood glucose over three months. Hyperglycemia can indicate impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, which are hallmarks of metabolic syndrome.
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