A client who abused intravenous drugs was diagnosed with the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) several years ago.
The nurse explains that the diagnostic criterion for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been met when the client:

Choice A rationale:
Holding the client's arms and legs from moving during a seizure can actually cause injury to the client or the nurse. The forceful muscle contractions that occur during a seizure can cause bones to break or joints to dislocate. Additionally, trying to restrain the client can increase their agitation and make the seizure worse.

Choice B rationale:
Placing the client back in bed during a seizure is not safe. The client could fall out of bed and injure themselves. It is also important to allow the client to have space to move freely during the seizure to prevent injury.

Choice C rationale:

Placing the client on their side is the safest position for a client who is having a seizure. This position helps to protect the airway and prevent aspiration. It also allows any fluids or secretions to drain out of the mouth, which can help prevent choking.

Choice D rationale:
Inserting a tongue blade into the client's mouth during a seizure is not recommended. It is a common misconception that people can swallow their tongue during a seizure. This is not possible. Inserting a tongue blade can actually cause more harm than good. It can break teeth, damage the mouth, or even block the airway.

Choice A rationale:
The length of time the mother has been caring for the baby is not directly relevant to the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. While a longer duration of breastfeeding may increase overall exposure, the primary concern is whether breastfeeding is occurring at all, as it presents a significant transmission route.

Choice B rationale:
Kissing does not typically transmit HIV, as the virus does not survive well outside the body. While there is a very low theoretical risk of transmission if both individuals have open sores or bleeding gums, it's not a primary concern in this scenario.

Choice C rationale:
The timing of the baby's last antibiotic treatment is not directly relevant to the risk of HIV transmission from breastfeeding. Antibiotics do not prevent or treat HIV infection, and their use would not impact the assessment of breastfeeding-related risks.

Choice D rationale:
Breastfeeding is a significant route of HIV transmission from mother to child. If the baby is breastfeeding, it's crucial for the nurse to determine the mother's viral load and CD4 count, assess the baby's HIV status, and provide appropriate counseling and interventions to reduce the risk of transmission. This information is essential for guiding decisions about infant feeding and potential prophylactic measures to protect the baby's health.