A client who reports moderate to severe anxiety requires intervention. What technique(s) suggested by the nurse would be helpful in assisting this client in the management of anxiety? Select all that apply.

Listen to music

Take a cool shower or bath

Progressively tighten muscles

Use rapid respirations

Visualize a relaxing place

Smoke a cigarette

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A. Listen to music: Music therapy is a well-established technique to promote relaxation and lower stress levels. It can help shift focus away from anxious thoughts and create a calming environment.
B. Take a cool shower or bath: A cool shower provides sensory stimulation that can ground the individual and redirect anxious energy. This strategy can help soothe the nervous system and reduce arousal.
C. Progressively tighten muscles: Progressive muscle relaxation involves tensing and relaxing muscle groups to relieve physical tension. It is effective in reducing anxiety by promoting body awareness and calm.
D. Use rapid respirations: Rapid breathing worsens anxiety symptoms and may lead to hyperventilation. Controlled, deep breathing is preferred as it activates the parasympathetic nervous system and calms the body.
E. Visualize a relaxing place: Guided imagery or visualization helps transport the mind to a peaceful setting, which reduces stress and promotes mental relaxation. It is often used in cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety.
F. Smoke a cigarette: Nicotine is a stimulant and while some individuals may feel a temporary sense of relaxation, smoking introduces harmful substances and reinforces maladaptive coping. It also increases cardiovascular strain, which can worsen anxiety symptoms over time.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Digoxin: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used for rate control in atrial fibrillation and heart failure but is generally held before cardioversion. It increases the risk of post-cardioversion arrhythmias; especially ventricular irritability hence is used as a maintenance medication not before cardioversion.
B. Enalapril: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor used to manage blood pressure and heart failure. It has no direct role in preparing a client for cardioversion and is not used as a pre-procedural medication.
C. Atropine: Atropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat bradycardia by increasing heart rate. It is not indicated prior to cardioversion and may interfere with rhythm stabilization efforts.
D. Diazepam: Cardioversion is a procedure that delivers an electrical shock to the heart to restore a normal rhythm. It can be an anxiety-provoking and uncomfortable procedure for the client. Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, causes sedation and anxiety reduction before procedures. It helps relax the patient during cardioversion, which is typically done under light sedation for comfort and safety.

A. Congenital neural tube defect B. Pacemaker inserted 2 years ago C. One-pack-a-day smoker for 20 years D. Rheumatic fever

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Congenital neural tube defect: This condition affects the central nervous system and is unrelated to the structure or function of the heart valves. It does not contribute to the development of mitral regurgitation.
B. Pacemaker inserted 2 years ago: While a pacemaker reflects a history of cardiac rhythm issues, it does not directly affect the mitral valve. It provides less diagnostic value for assessing structural valve disorders.
C. One-pack-a-day smoker for 20 years: Smoking is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular problems like hypertension. While these can indirectly affect the heart, smoking is not a primary cause of mitral valve damage leading to regurgitation.
D. Rheumatic fever: Rheumatic fever is a leading cause of mitral valve damage, often resulting in regurgitation due to scarring and deformation of the valve as a complication of untreated or poorly treated strep throat infection. This history is highly relevant and provides strong diagnostic value.

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A client who reports moderate to severe anxiety requires intervention. What technique(s) suggested by the nurse would be helpful in assisting this client in the management of anxiety? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following medications does the nurse anticipate administering to a client preparing for cardioversion?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is interviewing a client who is being admitted for possible mitral regurgitation. Which historical fact is of greatest value to the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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