A client experiences a head injury in a motor vehicle accident. The client's level of consciousness is declining, and respirations have become slow and shallow. When monitoring a client's respiratory status, which area of the brain would the nurse realize is responsible for the rate and depth?

The pons

Wernicke's area

Central sulcus

The frontal lobe

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The pons: The pons is part of the brainstem and plays a crucial role in regulating the rate and depth of respiration. The apneustic center stimulates inspiration while the pneumotaxic center inhibits inspiration, thus regulating respiratory rate and tidal volume. It works with the medulla oblongata to maintain rhythmic breathing patterns, making it directly involved in respiratory control.
B. Wernicke's area: Wernicke’s area is located in the temporal lobe and is responsible for language comprehension. It has no role in regulating respiratory function and is unrelated to breathing patterns.
C. Central sulcus: The central sulcus is a groove separating the frontal and parietal lobes. It serves as an anatomical landmark but does not have a functional role in respiratory control or autonomic processes.
D. The frontal lobe: The frontal lobe governs voluntary movement, decision-making, and personality. It is not responsible for the autonomic control of breathing, which is regulated by the brainstem structures.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Alveoli: The alveoli are responsible for gas exchange, including the removal of CO₂. Impaired alveolar function leads to CO₂ retention and respiratory acidosis, commonly seen in conditions like COPD or pneumonia.
B. The pulmonary artery: The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs but does not directly participate in gas exchange. Impairment here affects perfusion, not CO₂ elimination.
C. The pulmonary vein: The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to the heart and is not involved in gas exchange. Elevated CO₂ is not typically linked to vein function.
D. Bronchi: The bronchi conduct air but do not facilitate gas exchange. While obstruction can contribute to CO₂ retention, the alveoli are primarily responsible for its removal.

A. Multivitamins B. Laxatives C. Cold and allergy medications D. Antiulcer medications

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Multivitamins: Most multivitamins do not interact significantly with MAOIs unless they contain high levels of tyramine, which is rare. They are generally safe but should still be reviewed by the healthcare provider.
B. Laxatives: Laxatives are not known to have direct interactions with MAOIs. However, excessive use could alter electrolyte balance, which might complicate overall medication management but not specifically with MAOIs.
C. Cold and allergy medications: Many over-the-counter cold and allergy drugs contain sympathomimetic agents like pseudoephedrine, which can cause hypertensive crises. This is because these decongestatnts increase norepinephrine levels while MAOIs prevent the breakdown of norepinephrine. This combination is dangerous and must be strictly avoided.
D. Antiulcer medications: Most antiulcer drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers, do not significantly interact with MAOIs. They should still be reviewed, but they are not commonly contraindicated.

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A client experiences a head injury in a motor vehicle accident. The client's level of consciousness is declining, and respirations have become slow and shallow. When monitoring a client's respiratory status, which area of the brain would the nurse realize is responsible for the rate and depth?

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