A client who will be undergoing chemotherapy and internal radiation for cancer treatment asks the nurse why they are scheduled for the placement of a central venous access device (CVAD). Which of the following is a benefit of placing a CVAD for someone who will be undergoing cancer treatment?

Allows for long-term administration of chemotherapy

Can be used to implant radioactive material for internal radiation treatments

Eliminates the risk of infection associated with accessing a blood vessel

Reduces the risk of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy medication

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Chemotherapy often requires multiple infusions over a long period, and a CVAD provides a reliable and convenient access point for these treatments. It allows for the continuous or intermittent administration of chemotherapy drugs, which are often irritating to veins and require precise dosing.
B.   While CVADs are used for administering chemotherapy and other treatments, they are not typically used to implant radioactive material for internal radiation (brachytherapy).
C.   While CVADs reduce the need for repeated venipunctures and can help manage the complications of frequent injections, they do not eliminate the risk of infection. CVADs can themselves become a source of infection if not properly maintained, as they are open to the external environment.
D.   The placement of a CVAD does not directly affect the side effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea and vomiting. The CVAD’s role is primarily related to the administration of medications and access to blood vessels.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pyridostigmine is primarily used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis, a different autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. It works by inhibiting the

enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which increases the levels of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions, thereby improving muscle strength. It is not used for treating multiple sclerosis.
B. Levodopa-carbidopa is commonly used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the brain, and carbidopa prevents levodopa from being converted into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This combination helps manage the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It is not used for multiple sclerosis.
C. Riluzole is used primarily for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons. It works by reducing the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells. Riluzole is not used for multiple sclerosis.
D. Interferon-beta is a disease-modifying therapy used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. It works by modulating the immune system to reduce the frequency and severity of MS relapses. Interferon-beta can help slow the progression of disability and reduce the number of new lesions seen on MRI scans.

A. A client who is being treated for otitis media B. A client who has experienced an injury to the eardrum C. A client who works in a loud environment D. A client whose ear canal is impacted with wax

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear. This condition primarily affects the middle ear structures and can cause conductive hearing loss, which is due to problems with sound transmission through the outer or middle ear.
B. An injury to the eardrum, such as a perforation, can lead to conductive hearing loss. This occurs because the eardrum (tympanic membrane) is crucial for transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the middle ear. While an eardrum injury affects sound transmission, it does not directly damage the inner ear or auditory nerve, so it does not typically cause sensorineural hearing loss.
C. Exposure to loud noise is a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Prolonged or intense noise exposure can damage the sensory hair cells in the cochlea or the auditory nerve pathways, leading to permanent hearing loss. This type of hearing loss is due to damage in the inner ear or auditory nerve rather than the outer or middle ear structures.
D. Impacted earwax can cause conductive hearing loss by blocking sound transmission through the ear canal. This type of hearing loss is due to a blockage and is usually reversible once the wax is removed. It does not cause sensorineural hearing loss, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

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A client who will be undergoing chemotherapy and internal radiation for cancer treatment asks the nurse why they are scheduled for the placement of a central venous access device (CVAD). Which of the following is a benefit of placing a CVAD for someone who will be undergoing cancer treatment?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which medication is commonly used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following clients is at risk for sensorineural hearing loss?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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