A client who will be undergoing chemotherapy and internal radiation for cancer treatment asks the nurse why they are scheduled for the placement of a central venous access device (CVAD). Which of the following is a benefit of placing a CVAD for someone who will be undergoing cancer treatment?

Allows for long-term administration of chemotherapy

Can be used to implant radioactive material for internal radiation treatments

Eliminates the risk of infection associated with accessing a blood vessel

Reduces the risk of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy medication

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Chemotherapy often requires multiple infusions over a long period, and a CVAD provides a reliable and convenient access point for these treatments. It allows for the continuous or intermittent administration of chemotherapy drugs, which are often irritating to veins and require precise dosing.
B.   While CVADs are used for administering chemotherapy and other treatments, they are not typically used to implant radioactive material for internal radiation (brachytherapy).
C.   While CVADs reduce the need for repeated venipunctures and can help manage the complications of frequent injections, they do not eliminate the risk of infection. CVADs can themselves become a source of infection if not properly maintained, as they are open to the external environment.
D.   The placement of a CVAD does not directly affect the side effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea and vomiting. The CVAD’s role is primarily related to the administration of medications and access to blood vessels.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The client is resting comfortably, denies distress, and has an oxygen saturation of 89% on 2 liters of supplemental oxygen. This is within an acceptable range for many patients with COPD. Given the client's current status, it is appropriate to continue monitoring the oxygen saturation and assess for any changes in condition.
B. While the alarm may be annoying, it is important to keep it active to alert the nurse to any significant changes in the client's oxygen saturation.
C. A non-rebreather mask delivers a higher concentration of oxygen and is typically used in more critical situations. In this case, the client's oxygen saturation is within a safe range, and there is no need to increase the oxygen delivery method.
D. Increasing the oxygen to 4 liters per minute without a clear indication of need could lead to oxygen toxicity, especially in patients with COPD. It is important to titrate oxygen therapy to the lowest level that maintains adequate oxygen saturation.

A. The late-phase response occurs due to an influx of additional inflammatory cells B. The symptoms of the late-phase response tend to respond better to a rescue inhaler than the symptoms of the early-phase response C. The late-phase response occurs because the client did not use their rescue inhaler properly D. The late-phase response only occurs if the client continues to be exposed to their trigger after the initial attack

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The late-phase response in asthma is characterized by a delayed and prolonged inflammatory reaction that can occur 4 to 6 hours after exposure to a trigger. It involves the recruitment of additional inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils and T cells, which contribute to ongoing airway inflammation, increased mucus production, and bronchoconstriction. This phase often leads to a return of symptoms or worsening of symptoms after the initial relief provided by a rescue inhaler.
B. The late-phase response does not typically respond as well to rescue inhalers (such as albuterol) as the early-phase response does. Rescue inhalers are primarily effective for the immediate, bronchospastic component of asthma (early-phase response).
C. The late-phase response occurs as part of the natural progression of asthma inflammation and is not necessarily related to improper use of a rescue inhaler. Even with proper use of a rescue inhaler, the late-phase response can still occur due to the underlying inflammatory processes.
D. The late-phase response can occur even if the trigger is no longer present. It is related to the ongoing inflammatory process rather than continued exposure to the trigger. Although continued exposure to triggers can exacerbate symptoms, the late-phase response can still occur independently of further exposure.

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A client who will be undergoing chemotherapy and internal radiation for cancer treatment asks the nurse why they are scheduled for the placement of a central venous access device (CVAD). Which of the following is a benefit of placing a CVAD for someone who will be undergoing cancer treatment?

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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