A nurse is caring for a client who has inflammation of the glomeruli which was discovered by a routine urinalysis. The nurse understands that which of the following autoimmune disorders can cause chronic glomerulonephritis?

A. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by irregularly irregular rhythms with no distinct P-waves. Instead, it has a chaotic baseline with fibrillatory waves. The ventricular response can be irregular and variable. The description provided (regular P-waves in a sawtooth formation) does not match the typical appearance of atrial fibrillation, which lacks regular P-waves and has an irregular rhythm.
B. Atrial flutter is characterized by regular, sawtooth-shaped P-waves known as "F-waves" or "flutter waves." The classic pattern is referred to as "F-waves" with a "sawtooth" appearance, often seen in the inferior leads (II, III, aVF). The atrial rate is typically between 240 to 340 beats per minute, which fits the rate of 260 beats per minute in the description. The ventricular rate can be regular or irregular, depending on the degree of AV node conduction. A

C. Unstable angina is a clinical diagnosis of chest pain due to myocardial ischemia. It is not associated with specific ECG findings related to the P-wave morphology or rate. The ECG findings described do not correspond to unstable angina, which would typically present with ST-segment changes or other signs of myocardial ischemia rather than a specific P-wave pattern.
D. Premature atrial contractions (PACs) are early beats originating from the atria that interrupt the normal rhythm. They usually present as a single early beat with a different morphology of the P-wave compared to the sinus P-waves, but do not result in a regular sawtooth pattern or a sustained rhythm at high rates like the one described.

A. This statement is relevant to the patient's health but does not indicate a need for further action by the nurse. Omeprazole is a common medication for acid reflux.
B. This statement is appropriate for patients with asthma. Fluticasone is a maintenance inhaler used to prevent asthma attacks, and taking it regularly as prescribed is important.
C. This statement is correct. Albuterol is a quick-relief inhaler used to treat asthma attacks.
D. This statement indicates a potential interaction with the patient's asthma medications. Beta-blockers like metoprolol can worsen asthma symptoms in some patients. The nurse should discuss this with the patient's doctor to determine if the benefits of metoprolol outweigh the risks for this individual.