A client with a leukemia has been placed on methotrexate. Which of the following mechanism of actions below describes this medication?
Stops fungal growth
Alters pH level
Inhibits replication by blocking folic acid synthesis
Inhibits helper T Cells
The Correct Answer is C
A. Stops fungal growth: Methotrexate is not an antifungal medication. This mechanism of action applies to drugs like azoles or polyenes, which are used to treat fungal infections.
B. Alters pH level: Altering pH is a mechanism used by some antacids or alkalinizing agents, not methotrexate.
C. Inhibits replication by blocking folic acid synthesis: Methotrexate is an antimetabolite that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in folic acid synthesis. This inhibition impairs DNA synthesis, which is crucial in treating leukemia and other cancers.
D. Inhibits helper T cells: This mechanism of action is more closely related to immunosuppressive agents like cyclosporine or tacrolimus, which are used for preventing transplant rejection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Alcohol consumption: Metronidazole has a disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol, which can cause severe nausea, vomiting, flushing, and tachycardia. Clients should avoid alcohol during and for at least 48 hours after the completion of metronidazole therapy.
B. Tyramine-based foods: Avoiding tyramine-rich foods is important with certain MAOIs due to the risk of hypertensive crisis, not with metronidazole.
C. Apple Juice: There is no significant interaction between metronidazole and apple juice.
D. Soy beans: Soybeans do not have an interaction with metronidazole.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
The nurse understands that neomycin may cause serious adverse effects such as ototoxicity and
pseudomembranous colitis.
i. Ototoxicity: Neomycin is part of the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics, which are known to cause ototoxicity, potentially leading to hearing loss, tinnitus, or balance issues. The risk is particularly high in young children or when administered at high doses over long periods.
Rationale for other options:
- Constipation: This is not a known serious adverse effect of neomycin.
- Hypercalcemia: Elevated calcium levels (hypercalcemia) are not typically associated with neomycin use.
- Thrombocytopenia: While aminoglycosides can occasionally cause hematologic effects, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) is not a common adverse effect of neomycin.
ii. Pseudomembranous colitis: Neomycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the normal balance of gut flora, leading to an overgrowth of Clostridioides difficile, which can cause pseudomembranous colitis, a severe inflammatory condition of the colon.
Rationale for other options:
- Hypotrichosis: This refers to reduced hair growth and is not related to neomycin. It can cause hypertrichosis instead.
- Photosensitivity: Neomycin is not known to cause photosensitivity reactions.
- Hyperpigmentation: Neomycin typically causes hypopigmentation.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.