A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment. With an allergy to penicillin, the nurse understands which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?

Macrolides

Sulfonamides

Cephalosporins

Tetracyclines

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Macrolides, such as azithromycin and erythromycin, have a low cross-reactivity with penicillin and are typically safe alternatives for those with penicillin allergies.
B. Sulfonamides are not structurally similar to penicillins and generally do not have cross-sensitivity issues with penicillin allergies.
C. Cephalosporins share a similar beta-lactam structure to penicillins, which can result in cross-sensitivity in some individuals with a penicillin allergy. For this reason, they should be avoided or used with caution in these clients.
D. Tetracyclines have a different structure from penicillins and are usually safe for clients with penicillin allergies.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hydralazine is a vasodilator that does not directly replace ACE inhibitors and is not the preferred alternative for managing hypertension or heart failure.
B. Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that is used for different indications and is not a direct substitute for ACE inhibitors.
C. Furosemide is a loop diuretic used for fluid management, not as an alternative to ACE inhibitors.
D. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) and serves as a suitable alternative to ACE inhibitors for patients who experience a cough from them, as ARBs do not typically cause this side effect.

A. Blocks effects of histamine by competing and occupying H1 receptor sites. B. Blocks effects of histamine by competing and occupying H2 receptor sites. C. Stimulates effects of histamine by increasing the number of H2 receptor sites. D. Stimulates effects of histamine by occupying all H receptor sites.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Diphenhydramine is an H1 antihistamine that works by blocking the effects of histamine at H1 receptor sites, thus alleviating allergy symptoms.
B. H2 receptor sites are primarily involved in gastric acid secretion, and diphenhydramine does not affect these receptors.
C. Diphenhydramine does not stimulate histamine effects; it blocks them instead.
D. The medication does not occupy all H receptor sites; it specifically targets H1 receptors to exert its effects.

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A client diagnosed with strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment. With an allergy to penicillin, the nurse understands which medication should be avoided due to cross-sensitivity with penicillin medications?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a dry non-productive cough associated with an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following drugs is an alternative to ACE inhibitors?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client frequently takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to alleviate his upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergies. Which of the following mechanisms of action applies to diphenhydramine (Benadryl)?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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