A client with a newborn is concerned about the baby's frequent episodes of sweating, especially during feedings. What should the nurse explain about this clinical manifestation in some congenital heart diseases?

A) The answer is A. Mild cyanosis during crying or feeding can indicate inadequate oxygenation and increased workload on the heart. This symptom requires immediate intervention to ensure proper oxygen supply to vital organs.

B) Incorrect. Occasional heart palpitations may not be a severe concern and may not require immediate intervention. However, the healthcare provider should still be notified for further evaluation.

C) Incorrect. Fatigue after physical activity is common in clients with congenital heart diseases due to compromised cardiac function. Although it needs attention, it does not require immediate intervention.

D) Incorrect. A heart murmur audible throughout systole and diastole can indicate structural heart abnormalities. While it requires medical follow-up, it may not need immediate intervention unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

A) Correct answer. Advanced maternal age and maternal obesity are among the known risk factors for congenital heart diseases. These factors may increase the likelihood of certain heart abnormalities during fetal development.

B) This option is incorrect. Exposure to common childhood illnesses during pregnancy is not a recognized risk factor for congenital heart diseases. The causes are primarily genetic and developmental in nature.

C) This option is incorrect. While genetic factors play a significant role in the development of congenital heart diseases, there are other recognized risk factors, such as maternal age and obesity.

D) This option is incorrect. There are known risk factors for congenital heart diseases, as mentioned in option A. While some cases may occur sporadically without identifiable risk factors, many cases have associated factors that can be addressed through prenatal care and management.

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