A client with aortic regurgitation is being transferred from the critical care unit to the step-down unit. The nurse receiving the patient in the step-down unit is aware that aortic regurgitation causes:

Blood to flow back from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Blood to flow back from the aorta to the left ventricle

Obstruction of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Blood flowing back from the left atrium to the left ventricle describes mitral regurgitation, not aortic regurgitation.
B. Aortic regurgitation involves the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole due to an incompetent aortic valve. This leads to volume overload in the left ventricle.
C. Obstruction of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle occurs in mitral stenosis, not aortic regurgitation.
D. Obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle is characteristic of aortic stenosis, not aortic regurgitation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. In the refractory stage, cardiac output is decreased and tissue perfusion is severely impaired, not improved.
B. Fluid balance is not restored during the refractory stage; instead, hypovolemia worsens.
C. The refractory stage is characterized by irreversible damage with worsening organ dysfunction and failure despite interventions.
D. Heart rate usually increases initially, and blood pressure typically decreases; decreased heart rate and improved blood pressure are not features of this stage.

A. Ventricular tachycardia B. Multifocal premature ventricular contractions C. Ventricular couplets D. Ventricular bigeminy

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Ventricular tachycardia is a run of three or more consecutive ventricular beats at a rapid rate, not every other beat.
B. Multifocal premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) arise from different ventricular foci and have different shapes, but this scenario describes uniform shape and consistent pattern.
C. Ventricular couplets are two consecutive PVCs, not a pattern where every other beat is abnormal.
D. Ventricular bigeminy is the correct term for a rhythm in which every other beat is a premature ventricular contraction (PVC). These PVCs typically have no visible P wave and a wide, bizarre QRS complex, matching the description given.

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A client with aortic regurgitation is being transferred from the critical care unit to the step-down unit. The nurse receiving the patient in the step-down unit is aware that aortic regurgitation causes:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

During the refractory stage of shock in hypovolemia, which of the following responses accurately describes the physiological changes that occur?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse notes that a client's cardiac monitor shows that every other beat is earlier than expected, has no visible P wave, and has a QRS complex that is wide and bizarre in shape. How will the nurse document the rhythm?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse notes that leads I, II, and III differ from one another on the cardiac rhythm strip because:

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