Nurses in intensive care units commonly care for clients in varying stages of various types of shock. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in intensive care units in the United States?

Anaphylactic shock

Neurogenic shock

Septic shock

Cardiogenic shock

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening allergic reaction, but it is less common and less frequently the cause of ICU deaths compared to septic shock.
B. Neurogenic shock results from spinal cord injuries or central nervous system damage and is relatively rare.
C. Septic shock is the most common cause of death in intensive care units in the United States. It results from overwhelming infection and leads to systemic inflammation, vasodilation, and multi-organ dysfunction.
D. Cardiogenic shock occurs due to the heart’s inability to pump effectively, often after a major myocardial infarction, but it is not the leading cause of death in ICUs.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Ongoing cardiac care is still necessary after valvuloplasty to monitor valve function and complications.
B. Mechanical valve replacements require lifelong anticoagulant therapy to prevent thromboembolism, which is an important consideration when comparing with valvuloplasty.
C. Biologic valves do not require immunosuppressive drugs because they are derived from animal tissue.
D. Mechanical valves are durable and often last longer than 5 years, usually 10-20 years or more before replacement might be needed.

A. Ventricular tachycardia B. Sinus tachycardia C. Ventricular fibrillation D. Atrial fibrillation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Ventricular tachycardia presents with wide QRS complexes (usually >0.12 second), and the rhythm is typically regular—not irregular as seen here.
B. Sinus tachycardia has identifiable P waves before each QRS complex and a regular rhythm, which is not the case here.
C. Ventricular fibrillation presents as a chaotic, irregular waveform with no identifiable QRS complexes, resulting in no effective cardiac output—this is more severe than the rhythm described.
D. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by the absence of P waves, irregularly irregular rhythm, wavy baseline (fibrillatory waves), and often a rapid ventricular response, such as the heart rate of 120 bpm observed in this client.

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Nurses in intensive care units commonly care for clients in varying stages of various types of shock. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in intensive care units in the United States?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is scheduled for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty to treat mitral stenosis. When explaining the advantage of valvuloplasty instead of valve replacement to the client, which information will the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client on a cardiac monitor and whose rhythm suddenly changes. There are no P waves; instead she observes wavy lines. The QRS complexes measure 0.08 second and are irregular. The client's heart rate is 120 beats/minute. The nurse interprets that this rhythm is:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse providing discharge teaching to a client admitted with pericarditis. The nurse informs the client that pericarditis can lead to:

What are the pathophysiologic changes that place a client who has suffered a myocardial infarction at risk for cardiogenic shock?

A client with aortic regurgitation is being transferred from the critical care unit to the step-down unit. The nurse receiving the patient in the step-down unit is aware that aortic regurgitation causes:

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