A client with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is explaining their experiences to a nurse. Which statements by the client indicate symptoms of BDD? Select all that apply.

"I feel really sad sometimes because I'm overweight.”

"I often compare my appearance to that of celebrities.”

"I spend hours each day in front of the mirror, checking my face.”

"I avoid social situations because I think everyone is staring at my flaws.”

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D

Choice A rationale:

This choice does not indicate symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) Feeling sad about being overweight is not specific to BDD and could be related to body dissatisfaction or other emotional concerns.

Choice B rationale:

This choice indicates a symptom of BDD. Constantly comparing one's appearance to that of celebrities suggests a preoccupation with perceived flaws, which is a hallmark of BDD. Individuals with BDD often engage in such comparisons as a way to validate their negative self-image.

Choice C rationale:

While spending excessive time in front of the mirror can be a symptom of BDD, the statement alone does not definitively indicate the disorder. It's important to consider the reason behind the mirror checking behavior and the individual's emotional distress related to it.

Choice D rationale:

This choice indicates a symptom of BDD. Avoiding social situations due to the fear of being negatively evaluated or judged based on one's perceived flaws is a classic sign of BDD. Individuals with BDD often believe that others are fixated on their perceived defects.

Choice E rationale:

This choice does not indicate symptoms of BDD. Having a collection of items without attaching sentimental value is not specific to BDD. It's important to focus on behaviors and thoughts related to perceived physical flaws when assessing for BDD.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Obsessions and compulsions in OCD are ego-dystonic, not ego-syntonic. Ego-dystonic refers to thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are perceived as incompatible with one's self-concept. In OCD, individuals recognize that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational and unwanted, which causes distress.

Choice B rationale:

The connection of obsessions and compulsions to positive outcomes is not a distinguishing factor for OCD. In fact, obsessions and compulsions often lead to distress and interfere with daily functioning.

Choice C rationale:

The presence of distress or impairment is a key factor that helps differentiate OCD from other mental disorders. Unlike some other conditions where the behaviors or thoughts might not distress the individual, OCD is characterized by the distress caused by the irrational and unwanted obsessions and compulsions.

Choice D rationale:

This choice is the correct answer. Individuals with OCD recognize that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational and excessive, but they struggle to control them. This recognition is a hallmark of OCD and helps differentiate it from other conditions where the person might not be aware of the irrationality of their behavior.

A. "We will completely avoid the situations that cause anxiety.” B. "You'll need to perform your compulsions while facing these situations.” C. "There's no need to confront your fears; they will go away on their own.” D. "You should only focus on situations that are easy to tolerate.”

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Avoiding situations that cause anxiety is counterproductive in exposure therapy, which is a common treatment for OCD. Exposure therapy involves gradual and controlled exposure to feared stimuli to reduce anxiety. Avoidance reinforces the anxiety response and prevents habituation. Facing the situations that trigger anxiety is crucial for desensitization.

Choice B rationale:

This choice is correct because exposure therapy for OCD involves facing feared situations while refraining from engaging in compulsions. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules. By gradually exposing the individual to these situations and preventing them from performing compulsions, the anxiety response diminishes over time.

Choice C rationale:

Telling the patient that their fears will go away on their own is inaccurate and dismissive of the distress that OCD can cause. OCD is a chronic condition that typically requires evidence-based interventions for symptom reduction. Ignoring the fears and hoping they will disappear without intervention is not a valid therapeutic approach.

Choice D rationale:

Focusing only on situations that are easy to tolerate would not be effective in exposure therapy. The essence of exposure therapy is to confront situations that provoke anxiety gradually, starting with less anxiety-provoking situations and progressing to more challenging ones. This process helps the individual build resilience against anxiety triggers.

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A client with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is explaining their experiences to a nurse. Which statements by the client indicate symptoms of BDD? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a group of nursing students about the differential diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs) in comparison to other mental disorders. Which factor helps differentiate OCDs from other mental disorders?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is assisting a patient with OCD in developing a hierarchy of feared stimuli for exposure therapy. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate during this process?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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