A nurse is educating a client who has been diagnosed with various types of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs) Select all the themes that can categorize obsessions and compulsions in individuals with OCD.

Choice A rationale:

The limbic circuit consisting of the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus is not the main brain circuit involved in obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs) The limbic circuit is more closely associated with emotions and memory, rather than the cognitive processes that drive OCD symptoms.

Choice B rationale:

The central executive circuit comprising the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions like decision-making and working memory. However, this circuit is not primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD.

Choice C rationale:

The correct choice. The cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit plays a central role in the development of OCD. This circuit involves several key components: Orbitofrontal cortex: Responsible for assessing potential risks and rewards, and for decision-making. Anterior cingulate cortex: Involved in error detection, emotional processing, and regulating cognitive flexibility. Striatum: Responsible for habit formation and reward-based learning. Thalamus: Acts as a relay station for information between various brain regions. This circuit's malfunction can lead to repetitive behaviors and intrusive thoughts characteristic of OCD.

Choice D rationale:

The ventral tegmental circuit involving the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area is primarily associated with the brain's reward system and the regulation of mood and motivation. It is not a key player in OCD's pathophysiology.

C.

Choice A rationale:

Providing physical care only. This choice is not the correct answer. Collaborating on care for a client with an eating disorder involves more than just providing physical care. Eating disorders are complex mental health issues that require a multidisciplinary approach, addressing both physical and psychological aspects.

Choice B rationale:

Sharing information and coordinating care. This is a correct answer. Collaborating with the multidisciplinary team is crucial in caring for clients with eating disorders. Sharing information and coordinating care among various healthcare professionals, such as therapists, dietitians, physicians, and psychologists, ensures a holistic approach to treatment. Eating disorders often have psychological, nutritional, and medical components that need to be addressed collectively.

Choice C rationale:

Making referrals exclusively to physicians. This choice is not entirely accurate. While physicians may be part of the multidisciplinary team, collaborating on eating disorder cases goes beyond just making referrals to physicians. Other specialists, such as therapists, dietitians, and psychologists, play essential roles in the comprehensive care of these clients.

Choice D rationale:

Administering medications without consulting others. This choice is not the correct answer. Administering medications without consulting the multidisciplinary team can be dangerous, especially in cases of eating disorders where medication management might interact with other aspects of treatment. Collaborative decision-making helps prevent adverse interactions and ensures that all aspects of care are considered.

Choice E rationale:

Participating in team meetings. This is a correct answer. Participating in team meetings is vital for effective collaboration in the care of clients with eating disorders. These meetings provide an opportunity to discuss the client's progress, adjust treatment plans, and share insights from different perspectives. Regular communication among team members promotes a well-rounded approach to care.