A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs) Which brain circuit is thought to be involved in OCDs, and what are its main components responsible for regulating cognitive processes?
Limbic circuit consisting of the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.
Central executive circuit comprising the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes.
Cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit including the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, and thalamus.
Ventral tegmental circuit involving the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
The limbic circuit consisting of the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus is not the main brain circuit involved in obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCDs) The limbic circuit is more closely associated with emotions and memory, rather than the cognitive processes that drive OCD symptoms.
Choice B rationale:
The central executive circuit comprising the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions like decision-making and working memory. However, this circuit is not primarily implicated in the pathophysiology of OCD.
Choice C rationale:
The correct choice. The cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit plays a central role in the development of OCD. This circuit involves several key components: Orbitofrontal cortex: Responsible for assessing potential risks and rewards, and for decision-making. Anterior cingulate cortex: Involved in error detection, emotional processing, and regulating cognitive flexibility. Striatum: Responsible for habit formation and reward-based learning. Thalamus: Acts as a relay station for information between various brain regions. This circuit's malfunction can lead to repetitive behaviors and intrusive thoughts characteristic of OCD.
Choice D rationale:
The ventral tegmental circuit involving the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area is primarily associated with the brain's reward system and the regulation of mood and motivation. It is not a key player in OCD's pathophysiology.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The statement that higher medication doses are needed to quickly suppress all obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors is not accurate. Medication dosages are adjusted based on individual response and tolerability, and the goal is not necessarily to use the highest dose possible.
Choice B rationale:
The correct answer. Starting with a low dose is a common practice in psychiatric medication management. This helps the body adjust to the medication gradually, reducing the likelihood and severity of side effects. As the body becomes accustomed to the medication, the dose can be gradually increased to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
Choice C rationale:
The goal of achieving complete relief from obsessions and compulsions within a few days is an unrealistic expectation. Psychiatric medications typically require time to take effect, often several weeks, and complete relief might not occur for all individuals.
Choice D rationale:
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
The observation that the client's obsessions and compulsions are consistent with their self-image would not necessarily support the diagnosis of OCD. This could be applicable to other mental disorders as well, where the symptoms align with the individual's self-concept.
Choice B rationale:
If the client engages in compulsions to achieve pleasurable outcomes, this might suggest a different perspective. OCD compulsions are typically performed to alleviate distress or prevent a feared event, not for achieving pleasure.
Choice C rationale:
If the client's obsessions and compulsions are not causing significant distress, this could point towards other disorders or even potentially normal behavior. OCD is characterized by the distress caused by the obsessions and the urge to perform compulsions to alleviate this distress.
Choice D rationale:
The correct answer. In OCD, individuals are aware that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational and excessive. This self-awareness differentiates OCD from other disorders where the beliefs and behaviors might be seen as reasonable by the individual.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.