A client with diffuse axonal injury is experiencing difficulty with respiration, heart rate, blood pressure. Which region of the brain does the nurse suspect to be affected?

Cerebral motor cortex

Brain stem

Broca's area

Occipital lobe

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale: Cerebral motor cortex primarily controls voluntary movements, not autonomic functions like respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Choice B rationale: The brain stem controls vital functions like respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure, so damage to this area can lead to difficulties in these functions.
Choice C rationale: Broca's area is responsible for speech production and is not directly involved in autonomic functions.
Choice D rationale: The occipital lobe is primarily associated with visual processing and perception, not autonomic functions like respiration or heart rate.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Hormone therapy (HT) is used to treat menopausal symptoms, not PID.

Choice B rationale: Irregularities in the menstrual cycle is not a common complications of PID.

Choice C rationale: Changes in secondary sex characteristics is not a common complications of PID.

Choice D rationale: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs that can cause scarring and damage to the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and uterus. This can lead to ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility.

A. A 42-yr-old patient with secondary amenorrhea who says that her last menstrual cycle was 3 months ago B. A 19-yr-old patient with menorrhagia who has been using superabsorbent tampons and has fever with weakness C. A 22-yr-old patient with persistent red-brown vaginal drainage 3 days after having balloon thermotherapy D. A 35-yr-old patient with heavy spotting after having a progestin-containing IUD (Mirena) inserted a month ago

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale: The 42-yr-old patient with secondary amenorrhea may have menopause, pregnancy, or a hormonal disorder. This is less urgent compared to the 19- year old patient.

Choice B rationale: This patient may have toxic shock syndrome, which is a life- threatening complication of tampon use that can cause organ failure and shock. The nurse should assess the patient's vital signs, remove the tampon, and initiate fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy.

Choice C rationale: This patient may have an infection or a complication of the balloon thermotherapy, which is a procedure to destroy the endometrial lining of the uterus and is not an emergency compared to the 19 year old.

Choice D rationale: This patient may have a displacement or perforation of the IUD, which is a contraceptive device that releases progestin into the uterus. However, this is not urgent compared to the 19 year old.

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A client with diffuse axonal injury is experiencing difficulty with respiration, heart rate, blood pressure. Which region of the brain does the nurse suspect to be affected?

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