A client with eczema is experiencing severe pruritus. Which PRN prescription(s) should the nurse administer? Select all that apply.
Transdermal analgesic.
Topical alcohol rub.
Topical corticosteroid.
Oral antihistamine.
Topical scabicide.
Correct Answer : C,D
Rationale:
A. Transdermal analgesic: Transdermal analgesics are formulated to relieve localized pain, not itching or inflammation. They do not address the histamine release or immune activity seen in eczema. Using them offers no therapeutic benefit for pruritus.
B. Topical alcohol rub: Alcohol-based products dry out the skin and cause further irritation, which can worsen eczema symptoms. Applying alcohol increases the risk of burning and inflammation. It is not recommended for sensitive or inflamed skin.
C. Topical corticosteroid: Topical corticosteroids reduce skin inflammation by suppressing local immune responses. They are standard treatment for eczema flares with severe itching. These medications soothe the skin and reduce redness and swelling.
D. Oral antihistamine: Antihistamines block histamine, which contributes to allergic itching in eczema. They are useful for controlling pruritus and helping clients rest. Some types, like diphenhydramine, also have sedative effects that reduce nighttime discomfort.
E. Topical scabicide: Scabicides are antiparasitic agents used to treat infestations like scabies, not eczema. They do not relieve allergic itching or inflammation. Their strong chemicals may actually worsen skin irritation in eczema patients.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Bacterial meningitis: This condition is highly contagious and transmitted via respiratory droplets. A private room with droplet precautions is required to prevent the spread of infection to others.
B. Septic shock: Although serious, it is not typically contagious. The client needs intensive monitoring, but isolation is not necessary unless another transmissible condition is present.
C. Brain abscess: A brain abscess is not communicable and does not require isolation. It results from localized infection and can be managed safely in a shared room with appropriate care.
D. Viral encephalitis: Viral encephalitis is usually not spread person to person in a hospital setting. Standard precautions are generally sufficient unless another communicable disease is involved.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Observe wound drainage characteristics: Monitoring surgical wound drainage is not the immediate priority in the presence of a critically elevated blood glucose level. Hyperglycemia can impair wound healing, but signs of dehydration and fluid loss pose more immediate life-threatening concerns.
B. Assess for signs of fluid volume deficit: With a glucose level of 750 mg/dL, the client is at high risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), which causes severe dehydration due to osmotic diuresis. Assessing for fluid volume deficit is the priority to prevent hypovolemic shock and end-organ damage.
C. Determine when the client last ate: Knowing the time of last oral intake is useful in evaluating glucose trends, but it does not take precedence over assessing for the physiological effects of extreme hyperglycemia, such as dehydration and altered mental status.
D. Measure the level of acute pain: Pain assessment is essential in postoperative care, but it is not the top priority when blood glucose is dangerously high. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia can cause more rapid deterioration and must be assessed and managed first.
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