A client with HIV-III and wasting syndrome has inadequate nutrition. What assessment finding by the nurse best indicates that goals have been met for this client problem?

The client has a weight gain of 2 lb (1 kg) per month.

The client eats 90% of meals and snacks.

The client chooses high-protein food.

The client has decreased oral discomfort.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:
Weight gain is the most objective and reliable indicator of improved nutritional status in clients with wasting syndrome. It directly reflects an increase in lean body mass, which is essential for restoring health and function.
A weight gain of 2 lb (1 kg) per month is considered a safe and achievable goal for clients with HIV-III and wasting syndrome. This rate of weight gain promotes gradual replenishment of nutrient stores without overwhelming the body's systems.
While other assessment findings, such as increased food intake or decreased oral discomfort, may be positive signs, they do not necessarily guarantee that nutritional goals have been met. It's possible for a client to consume more calories without experiencing weight gain due to factors such as malabsorption or increased metabolic demands. Similarly, decreased oral discomfort may improve appetite but not ensure adequate nutrient intake.
Choice B rationale:
While eating 90% of meals and snacks is a positive sign, it does not guarantee adequate nutrient intake or weight gain. The client may still be consuming insufficient calories or experiencing malabsorption.
The focus of nutritional intervention for wasting syndrome is to increase lean body mass, which is best reflected by weight gain. Eating patterns alone may not accurately capture this progress.
Choice C rationale:
Choosing high-protein foods is important for supporting tissue repair and immune function, but it does not guarantee adequate overall caloric intake or weight gain. The client may still be consuming insufficient calories or experiencing malabsorption.
Weight gain is a more comprehensive indicator of improved nutritional status, as it reflects both protein intake and overall caloric balance.
Choice D rationale:
Decreased oral discomfort can improve appetite and facilitate food intake, but it does not guarantee adequate nutrient intake or weight gain. The client may still be consuming insufficient calories or experiencing malabsorption.
Weight gain is a more direct and reliable indicator of improved nutritional status, as it reflects the actual utilization of nutrients for tissue repair and growth.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. High urinary volume:

While older adults may experience changes in urinary habits, such as increased urinary frequency or urgency, high urinary volume is not typically considered a common age-related issue. It may instead be indicative of other conditions like diabetes or excessive fluid intake.

B. Overflow incontinence:

Overflow incontinence, characterized by the inability to fully empty the bladder, leading to frequent dribbling of urine, is a common age-related issue in older adult males. It can be caused by factors such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is more prevalent as men age.

C. Frequent urination:

Frequent urination, also known as urinary frequency, can occur in older adults due to various reasons, including decreased bladder capacity or irritability. While it is common in aging populations, it is not as specifically associated with age-related changes as overflow incontinence.

D. Fruity urine odor:

Fruity urine odor is not typically considered a common age-related issue. It may indicate the presence of certain medical conditions like uncontrolled diabetes, where the body produces ketones that can impart a fruity smell to the urine.

A. Numerous factors can interfere with learning, but learning ability is not seriously altered with age. B. Simple association is well executed by older adults but complex analysis is normally absent. C. Older adults require simplified learning objectives and slower introduction of new directions D. Successful learning late in life requires a multisensory teaching approach.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Numerous factors can interfere with learning, but learning ability is not seriously altered with age.

This choice suggests that while various factors can affect learning, such as health conditions, medications, and environmental factors, age itself does not significantly alter learning ability. While it is true that older adults can continue to learn and acquire new knowledge, there are often age-related changes in cognitive function, sensory perception, and memory that may impact learning. Therefore, this statement may not fully acknowledge the potential challenges older adults may face in learning new information.

B. Simple association is well executed by older adults but complex analysis is normally absent.

This choice suggests that older adults may excel in simple associative learning tasks but may struggle with more complex analytical tasks. While older adults may have accumulated a wealth of life experiences and knowledge, cognitive changes associated with aging, such as declines in processing speed and working memory, can impact complex problem-solving abilities. However, this statement oversimplifies the capabilities of older adults and does not fully capture the diverse range of cognitive abilities and learning styles among older individuals.

C. Older adults require simplified learning objectives and slower introduction of new directions.

This choice highlights the importance of adapting teaching strategies to meet the specific needs of older adults. As individuals age, there may be changes in cognitive function, sensory perception, and memory that can impact their ability to learn new information. Therefore, simplifying learning objectives and introducing new directions at a slower pace can enhance comprehension and retention of information. This choice acknowledges the need for tailored approaches to accommodate potential age-related challenges in learning.

D. Successful learning late in life requires a multisensory teaching approach.

This choice emphasizes the benefit of utilizing multiple senses in teaching older adults. Multisensory teaching approaches, such as incorporating visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli, can enhance learning and retention of information, especially in individuals with age-related sensory changes. While multisensory approaches can be effective, they are not the only consideration when teaching older adults. Adapting the complexity of content, pacing, and reinforcement strategies are also important factors in facilitating successful learning outcomes for older individuals.

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