A client with nephrotic syndrome reports experiencing generalized edema. What is the underlying pathophysiological reason for the client's edema?

Increased renal blood flow and fluid overload.

Excessive sodium excretion and dehydration.

Decreased glomerular filtration and protein loss.

Elevated blood pressure and vascular leakage.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Incorrect. Increased renal blood flow and fluid overload would lead to excessive urine output and reduced edema, which is not consistent with nephrotic syndrome.

B. Incorrect. Excessive sodium excretion and dehydration would lead to reduced fluid retention and edema, which is not consistent with nephrotic syndrome.

C. Correct. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by glomerular damage, leading to increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries and loss of protein (mainly albumin) in the urine. This results in decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, leading to edema in various parts of the body.

D. Incorrect. Elevated blood pressure and vascular leakage would lead to a different set of clinical manifestations, not characteristic of nephrotic syndrome.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Elevated blood pressure and fluid overload are more indicative of fluid retention and hypertension in nephrotic syndrome, not hypoalbuminemia.

B. Correct. Hypoalbuminemia, a common feature of nephrotic syndrome, results from the loss of albumin (a protein) in the urine. Low albumin levels can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue due to decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, resulting in fluid shifting from the blood vessels to the interstitial spaces.

C. Incorrect. Hyperactivity and restlessness are not typical manifestations of hypoalbuminemia and nephrotic syndrome.

D. Incorrect. Pallor and cold extremities are not directly related to hypoalbuminemia and are not specific to nephrotic syndrome.

A. "Take the medication on an empty stomach for better absorption." B. "Expect to see an immediate improvement in proteinuria after starting the medication." C. "Corticosteroids can increase your risk of infection, so avoid crowds and sick individuals." D. "Consume a diet high in potassium to offset potential electrolyte imbalances."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Corticosteroids should be taken with food to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.

B. Incorrect. While corticosteroids may improve proteinuria over time, it is unlikely to see an immediate improvement after starting the medication.

C. Correct. Corticosteroids can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of infection, so the client should avoid crowded places and contact with individuals who are sick to minimize the risk of infections.

D. Incorrect. Corticosteroids do not specifically affect potassium levels, so there is no need for a diet high in potassium to offset potential electrolyte imbalances.

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A client with nephrotic syndrome reports experiencing generalized edema. What is the underlying pathophysiological reason for the client's edema?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client with nephrotic syndrome for signs of hypoalbuminemia. What clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to observe?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with nephrotic syndrome is prescribed corticosteroids as part of the treatment plan. What should the nurse include in the client's education about corticosteroid therapy?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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