A client with nephrotic syndrome reports experiencing generalized edema. What is the underlying pathophysiological reason for the client's edema?

A. Correct. Immunosuppressive medications are prescribed in nephrotic syndrome to reduce inflammation in the kidneys and prevent further damage, including kidney scarring. They help slow the progression of the disease and preserve kidney function.

B. Incorrect. Immunosuppressive medications are not primarily used to address fluid overload or improve urinary output in nephrotic syndrome.

C. Incorrect. While some immunosuppressive medications may have an impact on blood glucose levels, they are not typically used to manage diabetes in nephrotic syndrome.

D. Incorrect. Immunosuppressive medications do not directly alleviate pain and discomfort associated with edema in nephrotic syndrome. Other interventions, such as diuretics, are used for managing edema.

QUESTIONS

A. Incorrect. Increased renal blood flow and fluid overload would lead to excessive urine output and reduced edema, which is not consistent with nephrotic syndrome.

B. Incorrect. Excessive sodium excretion and dehydration would lead to reduced fluid retention and edema, which is not consistent with nephrotic syndrome.

C. Correct. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by glomerular damage, leading to increased permeability of the glomerular capillaries and loss of protein (mainly albumin) in the urine. This results in decreased oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, leading to edema in various parts of the body.

D. Incorrect. Elevated blood pressure and vascular leakage would lead to a different set of clinical manifestations, not characteristic of nephrotic syndrome.