A nurse is assessing a client with nephrotic syndrome and notes frothy, foamy urine output. What is the rationale for this characteristic urine appearance?

A. Incorrect. Glomerular filtration rate and kidney function are typically assessed through blood tests, such as serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. A 24-hour urine collection is not used to assess these parameters.

B. Incorrect. The presence of glucose and ketones in the urine is typically assessed using a urinalysis or dipstick test. A 24-hour urine collection is not used to determine glucose and ketone levels.

C. Correct. A 24-hour urine collection measures the amount of protein excreted in the urine over a 24-hour period. This test is essential in diagnosing and monitoring nephrotic syndrome, as significant proteinuria is a hallmark feature of the condition.

D. Incorrect. The concentration of electrolytes in the urine is not typically assessed through a 24-hour urine collection. Urinary electrolyte levels are more commonly evaluated through spot urine samples or blood tests.

A. Incorrect. Hematuria (blood in the urinE. and dysuria (painful urination) are not characteristic manifestations of nephrotic syndrome. Instead, they may indicate other kidney conditions or infections.

B. Incorrect. While clients with nephrotic syndrome may experience increased urine output (polyuriA. and nighttime urination (nocturiA. due to fluid imbalances, these are not the primary clinical manifestations.

C. Correct. Frothy, foamy urine output is a classic sign of nephrotic syndrome due to the presence of excessive protein (proteinuriA. in the urine. This foamy appearance is caused by the high levels of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine.

D. Incorrect. Suprapubic tenderness and urgency are not typical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome and may indicate other urinary tract or bladder issues.