A client with Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) asks how her condition differs from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). What is the nurse's best response?

“PMDD requires hormonal therapy, while PMS does not.”

“PMDD causes only physical symptoms, while PMS involves mood changes."

"PMDD symptoms resolve immediately after menstruation begins."

"PMDD is a more severe form of PMS that significantly interferes with daily functioning."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hormonal therapy may be used for PMDD but is not a distinguishing factor from PMS.

B. PMDD involves both mood and physical symptoms, unlike PMS, which primarily involves physical symptoms.

C. PMDD symptoms may persist through the beginning of menstruation, unlike PMS, which typically resolves with the onset of the period.

D. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) characterized by mood disturbances, irritability, and functional impairment that significantly affect a person’s ability to function in daily life.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Respiratory acidosis would present with a low pH (acidotic) and a high PaCO2, which is not the case here.

B. Metabolic alkalosis would be suggested by an elevated pH and elevated HCO3, but here, the bicarbonate level is normal (24 mEq/L).

C. Respiratory alkalosis is indicated by a pH of 7.50 (alkalosis) and a PaCO2 of 30 mmHg, which is lower than the normal range (35-45 mmHg). This low PaCO2 suggests that the patient is hyperventilating, likely due to anxiety, which causes the body to excrete too much CO2.

D. Metabolic acidosis would present with a low pH and a low bicarbonate level, neither of which are seen in this case.

A. Panic B. Moderate C. Mild D. Severe

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The client’s physical symptoms (chest pain, headache, shortness of breath) and statements about not understanding why his wife left indicate a panic level of anxiety, which is marked by intense physical and emotional distress.

B. Moderate anxiety involves increased nervousness or slight discomfort but does not cause the severe physical symptoms seen in panic anxiety.

C. Mild anxiety presents with slight restlessness or tension, without significant physical symptoms.

D. Severe anxiety would involve significant impairment in thinking or perception but is more focused on a sense of being overwhelmed or immobilized, rather than exhibiting full panic symptoms.

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A client with Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) asks how her condition differs from premenstrual syndrome (PMS). What is the nurse's best response?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 25-year-old patient with generalized anxiety disorder presents to the ED with shortness of breath, dizziness, and tingling in the fingers. The nurse reviews the ABG results: pH: 7.50, PaCO2: 30 mmHg HCO3: 24 mEq/L. What is the most likely acid-base imbalance?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who reports chest pain, headache, and shortness of breath. He continues to state, "I don't know why my wife left me." The client receives a diagnosis of anxiety. The nurse realizes the client's findings support which level of anxiety?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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