A community health nurse is educating a group of clients about the levels of prevention. Which scenario is an example of the primary level of prevention?

Choice A reason: Gender is a non-modifiable risk factor. While certain diseases may have different prevalence rates based on gender, individuals cannot change their biological sex to reduce health risks. Nurses must consider gender in risk assessments but cannot modify it.

Choice B reason: Age is another non-modifiable risk factor. As people age, their risk for many chronic conditions increases, but age itself cannot be altered. Health promotion strategies must adapt to age-related risks rather than attempt to change age.

Choice C reason: A sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor. Clients can reduce their health risks by increasing physical activity, which improves cardiovascular health, metabolic function, and mental well-being. Nurses play a key role in educating and motivating clients to adopt active lifestyles.

Choice D reason: Family history reflects genetic predisposition and is non-modifiable. While it helps identify individuals at higher risk for certain conditions, it cannot be changed. However, awareness of family history can guide preventive strategies.

Choice A reason: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) does not aim to reduce private insurance coverage. In fact, it expands access to insurance through marketplaces and subsidies, allowing more individuals to purchase private plans. The ACA supports a mixed model of public and private insurance options.

Choice B reason: The ACA does not address the frequency of satisfaction surveys. While patient experience is a component of healthcare quality metrics, the legislation focuses on systemic reforms rather than administrative survey practices.

Choice C reason: The ACA aims to reduce healthcare costs by promoting value-based care, preventive services, and coordinated care models. It encourages evidence-based decision-making and shifts reimbursement from volume to value, thereby improving outcomes and reducing unnecessary spending.

Choice D reason: The ACA expands Medicaid coverage for low-income individuals, not restricts it. One of its core provisions is to increase eligibility for Medicaid, especially in states that opted into the expansion, thereby improving access to care for vulnerable populations.