A community health nurse is providing an in-service to new staff members on isolation precautions. Which of the following diseases should the nurse identify as requiring airborne precautions?
Clostridium difficile
Influenza
Disseminated herpes zoster
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: This is incorrect. Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that causes an infection of the colon, which can result in diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever¹. Clostridium difficile is transmitted by contact with fecal matter or contaminated surfaces². Therefore, it requires contact precautions, not airborne precautions³.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect. Influenza is a viral infection that affects the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches⁴. Influenza is transmitted by respiratory droplets that are generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking⁵. Therefore, it requires droplet precautions, not airborne precautions³.
Choice C reason: This is correct. Disseminated herpes zoster is a widespread form of shingles that affects multiple areas of the skin and can involve the internal organs⁶. Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox⁷. Disseminated herpes zoster is transmitted by airborne particles that contain the virus, or by direct contact with the lesions⁶. Therefore, it requires airborne precautions, as well as contact precautions³.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory virus that causes mild to severe infections of the lungs and airways, especially in infants and young children⁸. RSV is transmitted by respiratory droplets, or by contact with contaminated surfaces or secretions⁹. Therefore, it requires contact precautions, and sometimes droplet precautions, but not airborne precautions³.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is not the first action, as it does not address the immediate needs of the students. Contacting the local health department may be necessary to report a potential outbreak or environmental hazard, but it is not a priority.
Choice B reason: This statement is the first action, as it addresses the immediate needs of the students. Establishing a triage area can help the nurse assess the severity of the symptoms, identify the possible cause, and provide appropriate interventions.
Choice C reason: This statement is not the first action, as it may not be appropriate for all students. Administering oxygen therapy may be necessary for some students who have severe respiratory distress, but it is not a universal intervention.
Choice D reason: This statement is not the first action, as it does not address the immediate needs of the students. Notifying the parents of the students may be necessary to inform them of the situation and obtain consent for treatment, but it is not a priority.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: A website updated every five years is not a reliable source for current information. Healthcare practices and guidelines can change rapidly, and resources need to be current to be useful.
Choice B reason: A website hosted by a dialysis equipment marketing group may have biased information aimed at promoting their products rather than providing unbiased, evidence-based information.
Choice C reason: A website sponsored by a healthcare political action committee may also present information with a particular agenda, which might not be solely focused on patient care or evidence-based practice.
Choice D reason: A website that provides a peer review process for publishing information is likely to offer high-quality, reliable, and evidence-based information. Peer review is a critical component of scholarly publishing that ensures the credibility and accuracy of the content.
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