A community health nurse is teaching a group of older adults about risk factors for a hip fracture.
What statements indicate a correct understanding of these risk factors? Select all that apply.
“Men are more at risk for hip fractures than women.”.
“A history of osteoporosis is a risk factor.”.
“An increase in estrogen will weaken my bones.”.
“I am prone to a hip fracture if I’ve fallen in the past.”.
“I am more at risk as I get older.”.
Correct Answer : B,D,E
Choice A is wrong because women are more at risk for hip fractures than men.
This is partly because women lose bone density faster than men do, especially after menopause.
Choice C is wrong because an increase in estrogen will not weaken the bones. In fact, estrogen helps protect the bones from osteoporosis, which is a leading cause of hip fracture.
Some other risk factors for hip fracture include:
- Excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption
- Lack of physical activity
- Low body weight
- Tall stature
- Vision problems
- Dementia
- Medications that cause bone loss
- Cigarette smoking
- Institutional living, such as an assisted-care facility
- Increased risk for falls, related to conditions such as weakness, disability, or unsteady gait
Normal ranges for bone density vary by age and sex, but generally, a T-score of -1.0 or above is considered normal, while a T-score of -2.5 or below is considered osteoporotic. A T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 is considered osteopenic, which means low bone mass.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
The goals of client teaching are to promote health, understand treatment options, prevent disease, and manage illness. These goals are established by the nurse and the client together, based on the client’s learning needs, preferences, and readiness. The nurse should use appropriate teaching strategies to help the client achieve these goals and evaluate the outcomes.
Choice D is wrong because eliminating the need for further care is not a realistic or attainable goal for most clients.
Clients may still need follow-up care, monitoring, or support after discharge. The nurse should not give false expectations or discourage the client from seeking help when needed.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A two-day postoperative client who has a large abdominal incision and says, “Something feels like it just popped open after I practiced my coughing”. This client may have a dehiscence or separation of the surgical wound, which is a serious complication that requires immediate attention.
The nurse should evaluate this client first and notify the surgeon.
Choice B is wrong because bile-colored fluid draining from a nasogastric tube is an expected finding after abdominal surgery and does not indicate an urgent problem.
The nurse should monitor the client’s fluid and electrolyte balance and provide antiemetics as needed.
Choice C is wrong because a three-day postoperative client who has an ileostomy and reports the need to have a bowel movement may have a paralytic ileus or a temporary cessation of bowel motility. This is a common postoperative complication that usually resolves within 72 hours.
The nurse should assess the client’s bowel sounds, abdominal distension, and ostomy output and encourage early mobilization and oral intake as tolerated.
Choice D is wrong because a three-day postoperative client who is receiving intravenous antibiotics for a wound infection may have a surgical site infection or an infection that occurs within 30 days of surgery. This is a preventable complication that can be managed with antibiotics, wound care, and infection control measures.
The nurse should monitor the client’s vital signs, wound appearance, and laboratory values and educate the client on signs and symptoms of infection.
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