A Community nurse is doing a class teaching measures to prevent peripheral arterial disease. Select all that apply teaching for this topic. (Select All that Apply.)

A. Delirium: Delirium is characterized by a sudden onset of confusion, agitation, and fluctuating levels of consciousness. It often develops over a short period, such as hours to days, and is typically associated with an underlying medical condition, medication, or infection. The patient's rapid change from being oriented and calm to confused and agitated suggests a sudden onset, which is indicative of delirium.
B. Sundowning: Sundowning refers to a pattern of increased confusion and agitation that occurs in the late afternoon or evening, primarily in individuals with dementia. While it involves fluctuations in mental status, it does not usually present with a sudden onset of symptoms as described in this case.
C. Alzheimer’s: Alzheimer’s disease is a form of chronic dementia characterized by gradual and progressive cognitive decline over months to years. The sudden onset of confusion and agitation does not align with the gradual progression typical of Alzheimer's disease.
D. Dementia: Dementia is a general term for a decline in cognitive ability that affects daily life, usually developing gradually over time. Unlike delirium, dementia does not present with a sudden change in behavior or mental status, making it less likely in this scenario where the change was abrupt.

A) Neither talk nor comprehend: This description does not accurately characterize receptive aphasia. Receptive aphasia, also known as Wernicke's aphasia, primarily affects comprehension, while speech production may remain intact. Patients with this condition may speak fluently but have difficulty understanding spoken or written language.
B) Talk but do not comprehend: Receptive aphasia is characterized by the ability to produce speech fluently but with impaired comprehension. Patients can talk and may produce coherent-sounding speech, but they struggle to understand others' speech and may not grasp the meaning of what they are saying.
C) No alteration in speech and language: Receptive aphasia involves specific alterations in speech and language, particularly in comprehension. While speech may be fluent, the content often lacks meaning or coherence, and comprehension is significantly impaired.
D) Comprehend but not able to talk: This description aligns more with expressive aphasia (Broca's aphasia), where patients have difficulty producing speech but generally retain comprehension abilities. Receptive aphasia affects comprehension while allowing relatively intact speech production.