The correct answer is Choice D because, "Test a client who has a family history for diabetes mellitus." Secondary prevention refers to early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of disease. Testing individuals who have a family history of diabetes mellitus is an example of secondary prevention as it allows for early detection and intervention to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes.

Choice A is wrong because, "Educate a client who has hypertension about exercises to reduce blood pressure," is not the correct answer as it is an example of primary prevention, which focuses on preventing the development of disease or injury in individuals who are at risk. Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and educating individuals about lifestyle modifications, such as exercise, can prevent the development of hypertension and other comorbidities.

Choice B is wrong because, "Teach a group of school-age children about hand hygiene," is not the correct answer as it is an example of primary prevention, which aims to prevent the occurrence of disease or injury in populations that are at risk. Hand hygiene is an essential component of infection control, and teaching school-age children about it can prevent the spread of infectious diseases in schools.

Choice C is wrong because, "Provide nutrition counseling for an adolescent who is underweight," is not the correct answer as it is an example of tertiary prevention, which focuses on preventing complications and reducing the impact of established disease or injury. Nutrition counseling for an adolescent who is underweight aims to prevent complications related to malnutrition, such as growth delays, cognitive impairment, and increased susceptibility to infections.

Answer and explanation

The correct answer is Choice A because, "Conduct a survey to identify the community's need for hypertension screening." This is the correct answer because it is important to determine the need for hypertension screening in the community before implementing a health-screening program.

Choice B is wrong because, "Research best practices for treatment of hypertension," is not the correct answer because it is a step that comes after identifying the need for hypertension screening.

Choice C is wrong because, "Determine the number of clients referred for treatment of hypertension," is not the correct answer because it is a step that comes after hypertension screening has occurred.

Choice D is wrong because, "Apply for funding to conduct hypertension screening," is not the correct answer because it is a step that comes after identifying the need for hypertension screening and developing a plan for the health-screening program.