A miotic medication has been prescribed for a client with acute angle-closure glaucoma. The client asks the nurse about the purpose of the medication. Which response should the nurse provide to the client?

"The medication will help block the neural impulses that are sent to the muscles in the eye."

"The medication will help dilate the pupil to allow drainage of fluid to occur."

"The medication causes the pupil to constrict, opening the angle where the iris meets the cornea."

"The medication pulls excess aqueous humor from the eye, into the bloodstream."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   This statement is not accurate in the context of miotic medications. Miotic drugs do not work by blocking neural impulses to the muscles. Instead, they directly affect the eye's pupil size and fluid dynamics. This response does not correctly describe the action of miotic agents.
B.   This response is incorrect because miotic medications actually constrict the pupil, not dilate it. In acute angle-closure glaucoma, dilation of the pupil would worsen the condition by further blocking the drainage angle. Miotics are used to constrict the pupil, which helps open the angle between the iris and the cornea, thereby facilitating fluid drainage.

C.   Miotic medications cause the pupil to constrict (miosis), which helps in opening the narrow angle between the iris and the cornea. In acute angle-closure glaucoma, the angle is closed or narrow, preventing proper drainage of aqueous humor. By constricting the pupil, miotic medications can help to relieve this obstruction and allow better drainage of fluid, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
D.   This statement is incorrect regarding the action of miotic medications. Miotic drugs do not pull aqueous humor into the bloodstream. Their primary effect is on the pupil's size and the angle of the eye to improve drainage. Medications that reduce aqueous humor production or increase its outflow, such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors or prostaglandin analogs, are responsible for these actions

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Floaters and flashes of light are classic symptoms of retinal detachment. When the retina begins to detach from the underlying tissue, it can cause these visual disturbances. Floaters are small, shadowy shapes that move across the field of vision, while flashes of light can occur due to the retina being stretched or pulled.
B. Cataracts primarily cause blurred vision, difficulty seeing at night, and sensitivity to light, rather than floaters or flashes of light.
C. AMD generally affects central vision and can cause symptoms such as distorted vision, difficulty seeing in low light, and a loss of central vision. While AMD can cause vision changes, it is not typically associated with seeing floaters and flashes of light.
D. Open-angle glaucoma usually progresses slowly and is often asymptomatic in its early stages. It primarily affects peripheral vision, leading to a gradual loss of vision in the periphery.

A. "It develops due to an autoimmune reaction after a recent infection." B. "The exact cause is unknown, but it's thought to involve a combination of genetics and environmental factors." C. "The cause is thought to be reactivation of a virus in cranial nerve VII." D. "It is caused by demyelination of nerves in the brain and spinal cord."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Parkinson's disease is not generally considered to be caused by an autoimmune reaction or a recent infection. Autoimmune reactions leading to neurodegeneration are more commonly associated with other conditions such as multiple sclerosis, not Parkinson's disease.
B. The exact cause of Parkinson's disease is indeed unknown, but research suggests that it results from a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental factors. Genetic mutations may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease in some individuals, while environmental factors such as exposure to certain toxins or other external influences might also play a role. The interplay between these factors is still being studied.
C. There is no evidence to support the idea that Parkinson's disease is caused by the reactivation of a virus affecting cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve). Parkinson's disease involves the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, not specifically related to viral reactivation or isolated to cranial nerve VII.
D. Demyelination of nerves is characteristic of multiple sclerosis, not Parkinson's disease. In Parkinson's disease, the primary issue is the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain, not demyelination. This option describes a different pathological process unrelated to Parkinson's disease.

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A miotic medication has been prescribed for a client with acute angle-closure glaucoma. The client asks the nurse about the purpose of the medication. Which response should the nurse provide to the client?

Nursing Test Bank

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