A mother and two young children are found passed out in their apartment, where a space heater is on. Emergency medical technicians suspect carbon monoxide poisoning. Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?
It causes extreme depression of the respiratory rate.
It drastically decreases the pH of the blood.
It binds to the oxygen-binding site on hemoglobin, so the O2-carrying ability of the blood is reduced.
It triggers hyperventilation, causing a severe drop in PCO2 and increase in blood pH.
The Correct Answer is C
A. It causes extreme depression of the respiratory rate: CO binds hemoglobin and impairs O₂ delivery; respiratory depression is not the primary danger
B. It drastically decreases the pH of the blood: CO poisoning does not primarily cause a dramatic blood pH drop
C. It binds to the oxygen-binding site on hemoglobin, so the O₂-carrying ability of the blood is reduced: CO binds avidly to hemoglobin’s heme sites, displacing O₂ and reducing oxygen carriage and delivery
D. It triggers hyperventilation, causing a severe drop in PCO₂ and increase in blood pH: Hyperventilation is not the main mechanism of CO toxicity
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Inflammation: inflammation causes vasodilation and increased capillary permeability so immune cells and plasma components reach the injured/infected tissue.
B. Activation of NK cells: NK cell activation is an innate cytotoxic response against infected or malignant cells but does not itself describe the vascular changes listed.
C. Complement activation: complement promotes opsonization, chemotaxis, and membrane attack, but the described vasodilation/permeability hallmark is inflammation.
D. Activation of mononuclear phagocytic system: activation of macrophages/monocytes contributes to defense and cleanup, but the vascular response described is specifically the inflammatory process.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Minute ventilation is the volume of air that reaches the alveoli each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air that moved into the respiratory passages each minute. Reversed definitions.
B. Minute ventilation is the number of breaths taken each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the amount of air in the alveoli each minute. Minute ventilation is volume, not rate.
C. Minute ventilation is the volume of air moved into the upper respiratory tract each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air moved into the lower respiratory tract each minute. Both definitions are wrong.
D. Minute ventilation is the volume of air moved into the respiratory passages each minute. Alveolar ventilation is the volume of air that reaches the alveoli each minute. Minute ventilation = tidal volume × respiratory rate; alveolar ventilation accounts for dead space.
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