A newborn tests positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Which of the following should the nurse administer?
Hepatitis B vaccine monthly until the newborn tests negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen.
Hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth.
Hepatitis B immune globulin at 1 week followed by hepatitis B vaccine monthly for 6 months.
Hepatitis B vaccine at 24 hours followed by hepatitis B immune globulin every 12 hours for 3 days.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
While the hepatitis B vaccine is an important part of preventing hepatitis B infection, it is not typically given on a monthly basis until the newborn tests negative for the hepatitis B surface antigen. Instead, the vaccine is usually given in a series of three to four doses over a six-month period.
Choice B rationale
For newborns who test positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen, the current recommendation is to administer both the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and the
hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth. The HBIG provides immediate, short-term protection against the virus, while the vaccine stimulates the newborn’s immune system to provide long-term protection.
Choice C rationale
While the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and the hepatitis B vaccine are both important for preventing hepatitis B infection in newborns, they are not typically administered in the manner described in this choice. The HBIG is usually given once, within 12 hours of birth, while the vaccine is given in a series of three to four doses over a six-month period.
Choice D rationale
The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given within 24 hours of birth, but it is not followed by doses of the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) every 12 hours for three days. Instead, a single dose of HBIG is usually given within 12 hours of birth, along with the first dose of the vaccine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While it is important to monitor a client’s temperature regularly, especially if they have a fever, simply checking the client’s temperature in 4 hours is not an adequate response to a temperature of 38.9°C (102°F) in a woman who is at 38 weeks of gestation and in early labor with ruptured membranes. This could indicate an infection, which could be dangerous for both the mother and the baby.
Choice B rationale
Administering glucocorticoids intramuscularly is not typically the first-line treatment for a fever in a pregnant woman. Glucocorticoids are often used to accelerate fetal lung maturity in preterm labor, but they are not typically used to treat infections or fevers.
Choice C rationale
Preparing the client for an emergency cesarean section may be necessary if the client’s condition worsens or if there are other complications, but it is not the immediate response to a fever. The first step would be to identify and treat the cause of the fever, which could be an infection.
Choice D rationale
Administering acetaminophen orally is an appropriate nursing action for a client with a fever. Acetaminophen can help to reduce the client’s fever and make her more comfortable. However, it is also important to identify and treat the underlying cause of the fever, which could be an infection.
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