A nurse assesses four patients. Which patient has greatest risk for hypomagnesemia?

A) Pulling the client up from under the arms: This action can increase shearing force on the client's skin, especially if done abruptly or without proper assistance. Pulling the client up by the arms can create friction and shear between the skin and underlying tissues, potentially worsening the pressure injury.
B) Improving the client's hydration: While hydration is essential for overall skin health, it is not directly related to reducing shearing force on a pressure injury. Hydration can help maintain skin integrity and promote healing but does not directly address the mechanical forces contributing to pressure injuries.
C) Lubricating the area with skin cream: While skin cream can help moisturize and protect the skin, it may not necessarily reduce shearing force on a pressure injury. While lubrication can reduce friction between surfaces, it may not be sufficient to prevent shearing forces that occur during movement or repositioning.
D) Preventing the client from sliding in bed: This is the most appropriate action to decrease shearing force on a stage II pressure injury. Sliding in bed can exacerbate shearing forces on the skin, leading to further damage or delayed healing of the pressure injury. Using devices such as pillows, positioning aids, or specialized mattresses can help prevent the client from sliding and minimize shearing forces on the affected area, promoting healing and preventing further injury.

Answer: A, C, D, E

Rationale:

A) Yoga: Yoga is an effective nonpharmacological therapy that combines physical postures, breathing exercises, and meditation, which can help reduce stress, improve flexibility, and enhance mental focus.

B) Electromagnetic therapy: Electromagnetic therapy is typically used for pain management or to promote wound healing rather than stress reduction. It is not commonly included in stress management techniques.

C) Meditation: Meditation focuses on mindful breathing and awareness, which can significantly reduce stress by calming the mind and improving emotional resilience. It’s widely used to help manage stress and anxiety.

D) Acupuncture: Acupuncture involves the insertion of needles at specific body points and is believed to release endorphins and balance energy flow, which can reduce stress and promote relaxation.

E) Biofeedback: Biofeedback teaches clients to control physiological responses like heart rate and muscle tension, helping them manage stress and anxiety effectively through self-regulation techniques.