A nurse educates caregivers about dietary management for a child with burn injuries. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse provide?
Decrease fluid intake to avoid volume overload.
Increase carbohydrate intake for energy.
Suggest a lower-calorie diet due to decreased activity.
Encourage a high-protein diet for wound healing.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Decreasing fluid intake risks dehydration in burn patients, who lose significant fluids through damaged skin. Fluid replacement is critical to maintain blood volume, prevent hypovolemic shock, and support organ perfusion, making this recommendation dangerous and counterproductive to burn recovery.
Choice B reason: Increasing carbohydrate intake provides energy for metabolic demands in burn recovery, but it is not the primary focus. Protein is more critical for tissue repair and immune function. Carbohydrates support caloric needs but alone cannot address the extensive tissue regeneration required post-burn.
Choice C reason: A lower-calorie diet is inappropriate, as burn injuries increase metabolic rate, requiring higher calories for healing. Reduced activity does not offset the hypermetabolic state, which demands increased energy to support tissue repair, immune response, and prevention of muscle wasting.
Choice D reason: A high-protein diet is essential for burn patients, as protein supports wound healing, tissue regeneration, and immune function. Burns cause significant protein loss through exudates, and adequate protein intake prevents muscle breakdown, promotes collagen synthesis, and enhances recovery from extensive tissue damage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Airborne precautions are used for diseases like measles or tuberculosis, spread via tiny droplet nuclei that remain suspended in the air. Mumps spreads through larger respiratory droplets, not airborne particles, making airborne precautions unnecessary and overly restrictive for this viral infection.
Choice B reason: Contact precautions are for infections spread by direct touch, like MRSA. Mumps is transmitted via respiratory droplets, not skin contact. Implementing contact precautions would not address the primary mode of transmission, making this measure inappropriate for preventing mumps spread.
Choice C reason: Mumps, caused by the mumps virus, spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Droplet precautions, including masks and private rooms, prevent transmission by containing larger droplets within a short distance, effectively reducing the risk of spreading the virus to others.
Choice D reason: Standard precautions apply to all patients but are insufficient for mumps, which requires specific droplet precautions due to its respiratory transmission. Standard precautions include hand hygiene and gloves but do not address droplet spread, risking transmission in healthcare settings.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: During a tonic-clonic seizure with vomiting, positioning the child side-lying is critical to prevent aspiration. Seizures cause uncontrolled muscle contractions, potentially obstructing the airway with vomit. The lateral position allows gravity to drain secretions, reducing the risk of aspiration pneumonia, which can lead to severe hypoxia and respiratory failure if not addressed promptly.
Choice B reason: Placing a pillow under the head may slightly elevate it but does not mitigate the immediate aspiration risk from vomiting. It could restrict neck movement, complicating airway management. Aspiration is a life-threatening emergency, as it can cause rapid oxygen desaturation, making this action less urgent than ensuring airway patency.
Choice C reason: Clearing hazards prevents injuries from seizure-induced movements, such as hitting objects. However, it is secondary to airway management when vomiting occurs. Aspiration can cause immediate respiratory distress, leading to hypoxia and potential brain damage, so positioning takes precedence over environmental safety measures.
Choice D reason: Loosening restrictive clothing reduces chest constriction, aiding breathing during a seizure. While beneficial, it does not address the immediate risk of aspiration from vomiting. Airway protection is critical to prevent pulmonary complications, such as pneumonia, which can arise from aspirated material, making this action less urgent.
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