A nurse in a clinic is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about self-administration of insulin using a prefilled, multidose pen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Avoid pinching the skin when injecting the needle.

Use pen needles that have a safe-needle protection device attached.

Use the dominant hand to recap the needle before removing it from the pen device.

Remove the needle from the pen device before placing the needle in a sharps container.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Avoid pinching the skin when injecting the needle:

This instruction is not specific to the use of a prefilled, multidose pen for insulin administration. Pinching the skin may be necessary for some injection techniques but is not directly related to the use of a prefilled pen.

B. Use pen needles that have a safe-needle protection device attached.

Using pen needles with a safe-needle protection device attached ensures safe handling and disposal of the needle after use, reducing the risk of accidental needlestick injuries. These devices help prevent accidental needlesticks by covering the needle after use, reducing the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens.

C. Use the dominant hand to recap the needle before removing it from the pen device:

Recapping needles is not recommended as it increases the risk of needlestick injuries. Additionally, the use of the dominant hand for recapping is not essential and may not be safe practice.

D. Remove the needle from the pen device before placing the needle in a sharps container:

It's crucial to dispose of needles safely in a sharps container immediately after use without removing the needle from the pen device. Removing the needle before disposal increases the risk of needlestick injuries. The entire pen needle unit, including the needle, should be disposed of intact into an appropriate sharps container to minimize the risk of injury to healthcare workers and others handling the waste.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hypertension in a parent: While a family history of hypertension may increase the risk of developing high blood pressure, it is considered a non-modifiable risk factor because individuals cannot change their genetic predisposition. However, individuals can take steps to manage hypertension through lifestyle modifications and medication.

B. Cultural beliefs: Cultural beliefs may influence health behaviors and attitudes toward health care, but they are not directly modifiable risk factors for heart disease. However, healthcare providers can work with individuals to address cultural barriers and develop culturally sensitive strategies for promoting heart-healthy behaviors.

C. Air quality: Environmental factors such as air pollution can contribute to cardiovascular disease risk, but air quality is not a modifiable risk factor for individuals on an individual level. However, efforts to improve air quality through environmental policies and regulations can help reduce population-level risk of heart disease.

D. Physical inactivity

Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed or controlled to reduce the risk of developing a particular health condition. Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor because individuals can make lifestyle changes to increase their level of physical activity, which can help lower their risk of heart disease. Regular exercise has been shown to improve cardiovascular health by strengthening the heart, reducing blood pressure, improving cholesterol levels, and maintaining a healthy weight.

A. Use a trochanter roll. B. Use foot splints. C. Apply an abduction pillow to the legs. D. Prop the feet up

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Use a trochanter roll:

A trochanter roll is a positioning device placed alongside the hip to prevent external rotation of the hip joint and maintain proper alignment of the lower extremities. While it is important for maintaining proper hip alignment, it does not specifically address preventing plantar flexion contractures.

B. Use foot splints.

Plantar flexion contractures occur when the muscles and tendons in the foot and ankle become shortened, leading to a fixed downward pointing of the foot. Foot splints are devices designed to maintain the foot in a neutral position, preventing the development of contractures by keeping the ankle dorsiflexed. They help stretch the muscles and tendons in the foot and ankle, preventing them from becoming shortened over time.

C. Apply an abduction pillow to the legs:

An abduction pillow is a positioning device used to maintain proper hip alignment and prevent adduction of the hips and knees. While it is essential for preventing hip contractures and maintaining hip alignment, it does not directly address preventing plantar flexion contractures.

D. Prop the feet up:

Elevating the feet may be beneficial for improving circulation and reducing swelling, but it does not specifically address preventing plantar flexion contractures. In fact, prolonged elevation of the feet without proper support may increase the risk of developing contractures by allowing the foot to remain in a plantar flexed position for extended periods.

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A nurse in a clinic is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about self-administration of insulin using a prefilled, multidose pen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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