A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a client.

Exhibit 1

Medical History

Initial visit:

Client reports a sedentary lifestyle.

Client is lactose intolerant and denies taking vitamin supplements.

Client is a nonsmoker.

Client does not drink alcohol.

The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for osteoporosis? (Select all that apply.)

A. The client leans to the left side while sitting: While leaning to one side may indicate weakness or impaired balance, it is not as immediately concerning as the risk of aspiration. Addressing issues related to positioning and balance is important but may not pose an immediate threat to the client's safety.

B. The client coughs frequently while eating.

Coughing frequently while eating can indicate a risk of aspiration, which is a serious concern in stroke patients with left-sided weakness. Aspiration can lead to pneumonia and other respiratory complications. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to address this finding promptly to prevent potential respiratory compromise.

C. The client is consuming 25% of their meals: Poor oral intake and difficulty eating are concerning but do not pose an immediate threat to the client's safety compared to the risk of aspiration. However, addressing inadequate nutrition and hydration is essential for the client's overall health and recovery.

D. The client's blood pressure is 142/94 mm Hg: While monitoring blood pressure is important, especially in stroke patients who may have hypertension, the blood pressure reading provided does not indicate a hypertensive crisis or immediate risk to the client's safety. Therefore, it is not the priority finding compared to the risk of aspiration.

A. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase an individual's risk of developing heart disease themselves, as genetic factors play a role in cardiovascular conditions.

B. Fasting glucose level: Elevated fasting glucose levels, indicative of diabetes or prediabetes, can contribute to heart disease risk. Diabetes is a significant risk factor for heart disease and can lead to complications such as atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

C. History of hyperlipidemia: Hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood. High levels of LDL cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol) and low levels of HDL cholesterol ("good" cholesterol) are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

D. History of rheumatoid arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that involves inflammation in the joints. Chronic inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis can affect blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease and cardiovascular events.

E. History of hypertension: Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for heart disease. It puts added strain on the heart and blood vessels, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and other heart-related complications.

F. Cholesterol level: Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol ("bad" cholesterol) and triglycerides, as well as low levels of HDL cholesterol ("good" cholesterol), are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.