A nurse in a provider’s office is caring for a 1-year-old toddler.
The child is at risk for developing
The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"C"}
Choice A rationale: Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects the kidneys. It is a serious condition that can occur when bacteria from a lower urinary tract infection, such as a bladder infection, travel up to the kidneys. The toddler’s history of multiple UTIs and current symptoms, including fever and lethargy, suggest that the infection may have progressed to the kidneys. Pyelonephritis can cause significant kidney damage if not treated promptly.
Choice B rationale: Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can lead to kidney enlargement and impaired kidney function over time. However, this condition is not typically associated with recurrent UTIs or vesicoureteral reflux. The toddler’s symptoms and medical history do not indicate the presence of polycystic kidney disease.
Choice C rationale: Renal scarring can occur as a result of recurrent UTIs and vesicoureteral reflux. When urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys, it can cause repeated infections and inflammation, leading to scarring of the kidney tissue. Renal scarring can impair kidney function and increase the risk of chronic kidney disease. The toddler’s history of UTIs and vesicoureteral reflux puts them at risk for developing renal scarring.
Choice D rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to low blood protein levels, swelling, and increased cholesterol levels. It is not typically associated with recurrent UTIs or vesicoureteral reflux. The toddler’s symptoms and medical history do not suggest nephrotic syndrome.
Choice E rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filters in the kidneys. It can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or other conditions. While it can lead to kidney damage, it is not typically associated with recurrent UTIs or vesicoureteral reflux. The toddler’s symptoms and medical history do not indicate acute glomerulonephritis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is Choice A.
Choice A rationale
Weighing the child once per day is crucial in the acute stage of nephrotic syndrome to monitor fluid retention and the effectiveness of treatment. Daily weight monitoring helps in assessing the child’s fluid balance and detecting any sudden weight gain, which could indicate worsening edema.
Choice B rationale
Increasing fluid intake to 2 L/day is not recommended for a child in the acute stage of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is characterized by significant protein loss leading to edema, and increasing fluid intake would exacerbate the problem. Fluid restriction is often necessary to manage edema.
Choice C rationale
Positioning the child supine at bedtime is not beneficial for managing nephrotic syndrome. Elevating the child’s head and legs can help reduce edema, while supine positioning might worsen it by allowing fluid to accumulate in dependent areas.
Choice D rationale
Limiting calorie intake to 45 cal/kg/day is not appropriate for a child with nephrotic syndrome. Adequate nutrition is essential for healing and recovery, and restricting calories could be harmful. The focus should be on providing a balanced diet to support the child’s overall health.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is B. Oral electrolyte solution.
Choice A rationale
White grape juice is high in sugar and may worsen diarrhea. High-sugar beverages can draw water into the intestines, leading to increased stool output and worsening dehydration.
Choice B rationale
Oral electrolyte solution helps prevent dehydration and replaces lost electrolytes in infants with acute diarrhea, making it the most appropriate choice. Oral rehydration solutions are specifically formulated to provide the right balance of electrolytes and fluids to manage dehydration caused by diarrhea.
Choice C rationale
Chicken soup is not recommended as it may be too heavy and rich for an infant with acute diarrhea. Additionally, it may not provide the necessary electrolytes and fluids needed to manage dehydration.
Choice D rationale
Applesauce may worsen diarrhea due to its high sugar content. Similar to white grape juice, high-sugar foods can draw water into the intestines and increase stool output.
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