A nurse in the emergency department is monitoring a client who is receiving dopamine to treat hypovolemic shock. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication for increasing the client's dopamine dosage?

Choice A reason: Aspirating the catheter to check for a brisk blood return is not typically recommended as a routine action when replacing the dressing of a PICC line used for TPN. This action is performed to verify patency and placement of the catheter, but it is not directly related to the dressing change procedure.

Choice B reason: Using sterile technique for the procedure is essential when replacing the dressing of a PICC line. Maintaining sterility is crucial to prevent infection, as the PICC line provides direct access to the central venous system. The nurse should use sterile gloves and follow aseptic protocols to minimize the risk of introducing pathogens at the catheter insertion site.

Choice C reason: Cleansing the insertion site with hydrogen peroxide is not recommended for PICC line care. Hydrogen peroxide can be damaging to the tissue and may delay healing. Instead, a chlorhexidine-based antiseptic is typically used to clean the skin around the insertion site during dressing changes to reduce microbial flora and prevent infection.

Choice D reason: Flushing the TPN port with 20 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride is a practice used to maintain catheter patency, but it is not part of the dressing change procedure. Flushing is usually done before and after administering medication or nutrition, not specifically during a dressing change.

Choice A reason: Placing the client's bed at the lowest height is a safety intervention that minimizes the risk of injury from falls, which is particularly important for clients with dementia who may have impaired mobility or judgment. Lowering the bed height can reduce the severity of an injury if a fall does occur. Additionally, it can facilitate easier access for the client to get in and out of bed with less assistance.

Choice B reason: Requesting a prescription for a nightly sedative is not typically recommended as a first-line intervention for clients with dementia. Sedatives can increase the risk of confusion, falls, and can worsen cognitive impairment in the elderly. Non-pharmacological approaches are preferred for managing sleep disturbances in dementia patients.

Choice C reason: Assisting the client with toileting at least once every 4 hours is an important intervention to maintain hygiene and comfort, as well as to prevent urinary tract infections and skin breakdown. However, the frequency of toileting assistance should be individualized based on the client's needs and level of incontinence.

Choice D reason: Turning off all lights in the client's room at night is not advisable as some clients with dementia may experience increased confusion or agitation in complete darkness. A nightlight or low-level lighting can provide a safer environment and help to orient the client during nighttime hours.