A nurse is admitting a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following types of continuous infusions should the nurse initiate?

0.45% saline

NPH insulin

0.9% normal saline

Glargine insulin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. 0.45% saline. This is a hypotonic solution, which may be used later in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) management, but it is not appropriate for initial fluid resuscitation as it does not rapidly expand intravascular volume.
B. NPH insulin. NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin and is not used for continuous infusion. In DKA, rapid insulin correction is needed, typically with a short-acting insulin like regular insulin.
C. 0.9% normal saline. This isotonic fluid is the first-line choice for fluid replacement in clients with DKA. It helps restore circulating volume and correct dehydration quickly, which is a critical initial intervention.
D. Glargine insulin. Glargine is a long-acting insulin and not suitable for IV infusion. DKA requires the use of short-acting insulin (e.g., regular insulin) administered via IV infusion to correct hyperglycemia and acidosis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "You will feel your baby moving within the next month." Fetal movement, or quickening, is typically felt between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation. At 9 weeks, it is too early for the client to detect fetal movement.
B. "Hormone shifts often cause vulvar itching." Vulvar itching is not a common or expected symptom of early pregnancy and may indicate an infection, such as a yeast infection, rather than a normal hormonal change.
C. "You should consume at least 3 liters of fluid each day." Adequate hydration is essential during pregnancy to support increased blood volume, amniotic fluid, and metabolic processes. A daily intake of about 3 liters of fluid helps prevent dehydration and constipation.
D. “Headaches are expected throughout pregnancy." While headaches can occur, especially in the first trimester due to hormonal changes, persistent or severe headaches may indicate complications like preeclampsia and should not be considered a normal, ongoing expectation.

A. Naltrexone B. Chlordiazepoxide C. Clonidine D. Bupropion

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Naltrexone. This medication is used for opioid and alcohol use disorders. It helps reduce cravings and the pleasurable effects of those substances but is not indicated for smoking cessation.
B. Chlordiazepoxide. This is a benzodiazepine used to manage alcohol withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety, tremors, and agitation. It is not appropriate for treating nicotine dependence.
C. Clonidine. Although primarily used for hypertension, clonidine has been used off-label to manage symptoms of opioid or nicotine withdrawal. However, it is not the first-line agent for smoking cessation.
D. Bupropion. This is an antidepressant also approved for smoking cessation. It helps reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms and is often prescribed under the brand name Zyban for this purpose.

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A nurse is admitting a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following types of continuous infusions should the nurse initiate?

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