A nurse is assessing a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Hypomagnesemia

Hyperkalemia

Decreased creatinine level

Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A Reason: This choice is incorrect because hypomagnesemia is not a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Hypomagnesemia is a condition in which the serum magnesium level is lower than normal (less than 1.5 mEq/L). It may be caused by various factors such as malnutrition, diarrhea, diuretics, or alcohol abuse. It may cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, tremors, tetany, or cardiac arrhythmias.

Choice B Reason: This choice is correct because hyperkalemia is a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Hyperkalemia is a condition in which the serum potassium level is higher than normal (more than 5 mEq/L). It may be caused by reduced renal excretion of potassium due to decreased urine output (oliguria). It may cause symptoms such as muscle weakness, paresthesia, bradycardia, or cardiac arrest.

Choice C Reason: This choice is incorrect because decreased creatinine level is not a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Creatinine is a waste product of muscle metabolism that is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine. A normal creatinine level ranges from 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for men and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. In acute kidney injury, creatinine level usually increases due to reduced renal function and impaired clearance of creatinine.

Choice D Reason: This choice is incorrect because increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not a common finding in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. GFR is a measure of how well

the kidneys filter blood and remove waste products.

A normal GFR range is 90,to 120 mL/min/1.73 m2. In acute kidney injury, GFR usually decreases due to reduced blood ﬂow,to,the kidneys or damage to the glomeruli, which are the tiny blood vessels that filter blood in the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because cognitive impairment that decreases over several months post-injury is more likely to occur in a client who has a diﬀuse axonal injury, which is a widespread damage to the brain's white mater.

Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because neurologic deficits that increase up to 2 weeks post-injury are more likely to occur in a client who has a subdural hematoma, which is a collection of blood between the dura and the arachnoid membranes.

Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because a change in the level of consciousness that develops over 48 hr is more likely to occur in a client who has an intracerebral hematoma, which is a collection of blood within the brain tissue.

Choice D Reason: This is correct because a lucid period followed by an immediate loss of consciousness is a typical manifestation of an epidural hematoma, which is a collection of blood between the skull and the dura. The lucid period occurs when the initial bleeding stops and the client regains consciousness. The immediate loss of consciousness occurs when the bleeding resumes and causes increased intracranial pressure.

A. Increased urine output B. Decreased blood glucose level C. Decreased blood pressure D. Increased heart rate

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Dobutamine is a positive inotropic agent that increases the contractility of the heart and improves cardiac output. This leads to increased renal perfusion and urine output, which reduces the ﬂuid overload and edema associated with heart failure. Therefore, this choice is correct.

Choice B Reason: Dobutamine does not have a direct eﬀect on blood glucose level. It may cause hyperglycemia as a side eﬀect, but this is not an indication of its eﬀectiveness. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice C Reason: Dobutamine may cause a slight decrease in blood pressure due to vasodilation, but this is not its main therapeutic eﬀect. A significant decrease in blood pressure may indicate hypovolemia, hypotension, or shock, which are adverse eﬀects of dobutamine. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice D Reason: Dobutamine also has a positive chronotropic eﬀect, which means it increases the heart rate. However, this is not a desired outcome for a client with heart failure, as it increases the oxygen demand of the heart and may worsen the condition. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

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A nurse is assessing a client in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has an epidural hematoma. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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