A nurse is assessing a client who has a fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Decreased hemoglobin (Hgb)

Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Increased urine ketones

Decreased urine specific gravity

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:
Decreased hemoglobin (Hgb) levels can be indicative of anemia or blood loss, but they are not typically associated with fluid volume deficit. In cases of fluid volume deficit, the Hgb concentration may actually appear elevated due to hemoconcentration as the plasma volume decreases.

Choice B reason:
Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels are expected in a fluid volume deficit because as the blood volume decreases, the concentration of solutes like urea can increase. This is often due to decreased renal perfusion and subsequent reduced renal function, leading to less urea being excreted through the kidneys.

Choice C reason:
Increased urine ketones are typically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation, not directly with fluid volume deficit. Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fats for energy, which is not a process directly related to fluid volume status.

Choice D reason:
Decreased urine specific gravity would not be expected in fluid volume deficit; in fact, one would expect the opposite. Specific gravity measures the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. In fluid volume deficit, the urine specific gravity would likely be increased as the body attempts to conserve water.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Asking questions about the information on her postoperative care pamphlet is a positive behavior indicating that the client is proactive in understanding her care and recovery process. It shows engagement and a desire to comply with medical advice, which is beneficial for recovery.

Choice B reason:

Refusing to look at the dressing or surgical incision may indicate psychological distress and difficulty in accepting the physical changes following a mastectomy. This behavior can be a sign of avoidance and a potential struggle with body image and the emotional impact of breast loss. It's important for healthcare providers to recognize this as a call for psychological support and possible referral to counseling services.

Choice C reason:

Performing arm exercises once or twice a day is typically recommended as part of the postoperative care after a mastectomy to prevent stiffness and improve mobility. This behavior suggests that the client is following postoperative instructions and actively participating in her recovery.

A. A client who has an autoimmune disorder. B. A 40-year-old client with hypoglycemia. C. A client who does not get much sleep. D. A 26-year-old female client who has never given birth.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason:
While autoimmune disorders are associated with type 1 diabetes, where the immune system attacks the pancreas, they are not typically a direct risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is more closely related to lifestyle factors and insulin resistance.

Choice B reason:
A 40-year-old client with hypoglycemia may be at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia can be a sign of pre-diabetes or insulin resistance, where the body's response to insulin is not as effective, leading to fluctuations in blood sugar levels. As individuals age, their risk for type 2 diabetes increases, particularly if they have other risk factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, overweight, or a family history of diabetes.

Choice C reason:
Lack of sleep can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes by affecting the body's ability to regulate glucose and by increasing insulin resistance. However, without additional risk factors, it is not as strong a predictor of type 2 diabetes as the presence of hypoglycemia or other metabolic conditions.

Choice D reason:
Having never given birth is not a recognized risk factor for type 2 diabetes. While gestational diabetes is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes later in life, the absence of pregnancy does not increase the risk.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has a fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a left radical mastectomy. Which of the following behaviors should alert the nurse to the possibility that the client is having difficulty adjusting to the loss of her breast?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for several clients at a community clinic. Which of the following clients is most at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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