A nurse is assessing a client who has a sliding hiatal hernia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Breathlessness

Heartburn

Abdominal cramping

Constipation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Breathlessness is not a typical symptom of a sliding hiatal hernia. However, in severe cases, large hernias may cause shortness of breath due to pressure on the diaphragm.
B. Heartburn (acid reflux) is a common symptom because the hernia allows stomach acid to move up into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort.
C. Abdominal cramping is not a primary symptom of a sliding hiatal hernia. Cramping is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or gastroenteritis.
D. Constipation is not directly linked to a sliding hiatal hernia. Instead, symptoms usually involve gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related issues, such as heartburn and regurgitation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "I will take the medication in the morning." Metformin extended-release can be taken once daily, but it is usually recommended with the evening meal to improve gastrointestinal tolerance.
B. "I will take the medication on an empty stomach." This is incorrect because metformin should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and diarrhea.
C. "I will avoid crushing this medication." This is correct because extended-release tablets should not be crushed, split, or chewed, as this can alter the drug’s release mechanism.
D. "I will expect to gain weight." Metformin is not associated with weight gain; in fact, it may cause modest weight loss in some clients.

A. An infant who has respiratory syncytial virus B. A child who has bacterial meningitis C. An infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis D. A child who has Kawasaki disease

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. An infant who has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) primarily experiences respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing. RSV does not typically cause seizures.
B. A child who has bacterial meningitis is at high risk for seizures due to increased intracranial pressure, cerebral irritation, and inflammation. Seizure precautions, including padded side rails, oxygen, and suction at the bedside, should be initiated.
C. An infant who has hypertrophic pyloric stenosis experiences projectile vomiting and dehydration but is not at risk for seizures.
D. A child who has Kawasaki disease is at risk for coronary artery complications, but seizures are not a common complication of this condition.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has a sliding hiatal hernia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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