A nurse is receiving information about four children during change-of-shift report. Which of the following children should the nurse assess first?

A 12-year-old child who has cystic fibrosis and reports difficulty clearing secretions

A 3-year-old child who has an atrial septal defect and a heart rate of 120/min

A 5-year-old child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and a blood sugar of 150 mg/dL

A 2-year-old child who has diarrhea and reports abdominal pain

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. A child with cystic fibrosis and difficulty clearing secretions is the priority because airway clearance is critical in cystic fibrosis. Mucus buildup can lead to respiratory distress and infection, requiring immediate intervention.
B. A child with an atrial septal defect and a heart rate of 120/min is not the priority because a heart rate of 120/min is within the expected range for a 3-year-old and does not indicate immediate distress.
C. A child with type 1 diabetes and a blood sugar of 150 mg/dL is not the priority because this blood glucose level is slightly elevated but not critical.
D. A child with diarrhea and abdominal pain requires assessment, but dehydration or electrolyte imbalance develops over time. Airway issues take priority over gastrointestinal symptoms.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A bluish-white colored pupil. This is correct because cataracts cause clouding of the lens, leading to a grayish or bluish-white appearance of the pupil. This opacity gradually impairs vision.
B. Decrease in peripheral vision. This is incorrect because a loss of peripheral vision is characteristic of glaucoma, not cataracts.
C. Increased intraocular pressure. This is incorrect because increased intraocular pressure is a hallmark of glaucoma, not cataracts.
D. Loss of central vision. This is incorrect because central vision loss is associated with macular degeneration rather than cataracts.

A. Constipation B. Visual disturbances C. Dry mouth D. Irregular pulse

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Constipation is a common side effect of risperidone due to its anticholinergic effects. However, it is not the priority because it is not immediately life-threatening.
B. Visual disturbances can occur with risperidone, but they are not as urgent as cardiovascular abnormalities.
C. Dry mouth is another anticholinergic side effect, but it is not a priority concern compared to an irregular pulse.
D. Irregular pulse is the priority finding because risperidone can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of serious cardiac arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes, which can be life-threatening. Therefore, this finding should be reported to the provider immediately.

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A nurse is receiving information about four children during change-of-shift report. Which of the following children should the nurse assess first?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

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