A nurse is assessing a client who has Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and notes that the client's breathing is shallow and the client is short of breath. The nurse understands that that the client's respiratory distress is caused by which of the following?

Degeneration of nerves in the brainstem and spinal cord.

Pleural effusion caused by immobility.

Demyelination of nerves that stimulate the respiratory muscles.

Bronchoconstriction and edema of the airways.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   While GBS primarily affects peripheral nerves (nerves outside the brain and spinal cord), it does not typically cause direct degeneration of nerves in the brainstem and spinal cord. Therefore, this option is not correct in the context of respiratory distress in GBS.
B.   Pleural effusion caused by immobility: Pleural effusion, an accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity around the lungs, is not a typical complication of GBS. It is more commonly associated with conditions such as heart failure, pneumonia, or malignancy, rather than directly with GBS.
C.   In Guillain-Barre Syndrome, demyelination of nerves affects the transmission of signals from the brain to the muscles, including those responsible for respiration. As a result, respiratory muscles may become weak or paralyzed, leading to shallow breathing and respiratory distress.
D.   While respiratory distress can occur in some neurological conditions due to autonomic dysfunction or secondary complications, such as aspiration pneumonia, bronchoconstriction and airway edema are not typical manifestations of GBS itself.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. ALS is not caused by a virus or inflammation of the nerves. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.
B. While acetylcholine breakdown is involved in other neurological conditions (such as myasthenia gravis), ALS primarily affects motor neurons and does not directly involve acetylcholine metabolism at the neuromuscular junction.
C. ALS does not typically involve significant inflammation or demyelination (which is more characteristic of conditions like multiple sclerosis). Therefore, reducing CNS inflammation is not a therapeutic target in ALS.
D. Riluzole, the medication prescribed for ALS, works by decreasing the release of glutamate, which is a neurotransmitter that can be toxic to nerve cells in high amounts. In ALS, excessive glutamate release is believed to contribute to motor neuron degeneration. By reducing glutamate release, riluzole may help protect motor neurons and slow the progression of the disease.

A. To control the heart rate and reduce the oxygen demand of the heart. B. To prevent platelet aggregation in order to prevent thrombus formation. C. To reduce LDL cholesterol to prevent the formation of additional plaques. D. To relieve acute episodes of angina when they occur.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. This function is typically managed by medications such as beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers, which help reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand. Rosuvastatin does not directly affect heart rate or myocardial oxygen demand.
B. Medications like aspirin or other antiplatelet agents are used to inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the risk of thrombus formation. Rosuvastatin is not primarily indicated for this purpose.
C. This is the correct rationale for prescribing rosuvastatin in a client with chronic stable angina. High LDL cholesterol levels contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis, which narrows coronary arteries and leads to angina. By lowering LDL cholesterol levels, rosuvastatin helps slow down the progression of atherosclerosis and reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, including angina.
D. Acute episodes of angina are typically managed with short-acting nitrates or other medications that dilate coronary arteries to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. Rosuvastatin does not provide immediate relief of angina symptoms.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has Guillain-Barre Syndrome, and notes that the client's breathing is shallow and the client is short of breath. The nurse understands that that the client's respiratory distress is caused by which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and a new prescription for riluzole. The nurse understands that this medication works in which of the following ways?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client who has been diagnosed with chronic stable angina is placed on multiple medications to manage the condition. The nurse understands that the client is receiving rosuvastatin for which reason?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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