A nurse is discussing treatments and interventions with a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following would assist in preventing exacerbations?

A. A vegetarian diet typically does not directly contribute to bronchoconstriction. In fact, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may provide antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can be beneficial for respiratory health. Therefore, this option is less likely to be a cause of the client's bronchoconstriction.
B. Rosuvastatin (and other statins) are generally well-tolerated, but some individuals may experience respiratory side effects, including cough or shortness of breath. However, bronchoconstriction as a direct side effect of statins is uncommon and typically not a primary concern unless there is a rare hypersensitivity reaction.
C. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can lead to bronchoconstriction, particularly in individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions. Beta-blockers can block beta-2 receptors in the lungs, potentially causing constriction of the airways and worsening of respiratory symptoms.
D. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is generally considered safe and does not typically cause bronchoconstriction. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works differently from medications like beta-blockers, which directly affect the airways.

A. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid inhaler used for maintenance therapy to reduce inflammation in the airways over time. It is not a rescue medication for acute symptoms. Clients with COPD should use short-acting bronchodilators (such as albuterol) as their first-line treatment for relieving acute symptoms like shortness of breath or wheezing.
B. This statement is correct. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid medication that, when inhaled, can increase the risk of developing oral candidiasis (thrush). Clients should be instructed to rinse their mouth with water and spit after using the inhaler to minimize this risk. Inspecting the mouth daily for signs of white patches, soreness, or difficulty swallowing is important. If thrush develops, clients may need antifungal treatment.
C. This statement is not necessary for fluticasone inhaler use. Fluticasone is not known to significantly affect heart rate. Monitoring heart rate before each dose is more relevant for medications that can cause changes in heart rate, such as bronchodilators (e.g., beta-agonists). However, clients should monitor for symptoms like palpitations or rapid heart rate and report them to their healthcare provider.
D. Fluticasone is a maintenance medication that should be taken regularly as prescribed, regardless of symptoms. Skipping doses can lead to worsening of COPD symptoms and exacerbations. Clients should adhere to the prescribed dosing schedule to achieve optimal control of their condition.