A nurse is discussing treatments and interventions with a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following would assist in preventing exacerbations?

Limiting fluids during meals

Influenza vaccination

Pursed-lip breathing

Using the tripod position

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   This option is not directly related to preventing exacerbations in COPD. While managing fluid intake may be important for individuals with certain cardiovascular or renal conditions, it is not a recognized strategy for preventing COPD exacerbations.
B.   Influenza vaccination is highly recommended for individuals with COPD. Respiratory infections, such as influenza (flu), can trigger exacerbations in COPD. By receiving an annual influenza vaccine, the client can reduce the risk of developing influenza-related exacerbations and complications.
C.   Pursed-lip breathing is a breathing technique that can help improve ventilation and decrease the work of breathing for individuals with COPD. It can be beneficial during exacerbations or episodes of dyspnea (shortness of breath). While it does not directly prevent exacerbations, it is a useful technique to manage symptoms and potentially reduce the severity of exacerbations.
D.   The tripod position, where a person leans forward with hands supported on their knees or another surface, can help COPD patients during exacerbations by allowing better chest expansion and improving breathing mechanics. It can relieve dyspnea and help stabilize breathing. While it does not prevent exacerbations, it is a helpful technique during episodes of increased respiratory distress.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Retropulsion is a classic manifestation of postural instability in Parkinson's disease. It refers to a tendency to lose balance and fall backward, especially when attempting to initiate walking or when challenged with external forces.
B. Impaired handwriting, also known as micrographia, is associated with bradykinesia (slowness of movement) in Parkinson's disease. It manifests as progressively smaller and more cramped handwriting.

C. Muscle soreness and pain can occur in Parkinson's disease, but they are not typically directly associated with postural instability. They may occur due to rigidity (muscle stiffness) or abnormal postures maintained over time.
D. Slow movements, or bradykinesia, are a hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease and are characterized by a gradual reduction in the speed and fluidity of voluntary movements. While related to motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, slow movements are not specific to postural instability.

A. The client has developed moon face. B. The client complains of muscle spasticity. C. The client drinks alcohol several days per week. D. The client is taking birth control pills.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Moon face is a common side effect of prednisone, a corticosteroid medication. It results from fluid retention and redistribution of fat in the face. While moon face is a cosmetic concern, it is not typically an urgent or critical finding that requires immediate reporting.
B. Muscle spasticity may develop but does not pose an immediate risk that requires urgent attention.
C. Alcohol consumption can interact with both prednisone and interferon B-1a, potentially leading to increased drug levels in the bloodstream and intensifying side effects. This interaction can also increase the risk of liver problems, which is particularly concerning given that interferon B-1a may cause liver issues.
D. Birth control pills have been a subject of debate regarding their effect on multiple sclerosis but a study found that oral hormonal contraceptives did not appear to be associated with an increased chance of MS relapses.

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A nurse is discussing treatments and interventions with a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following would assist in preventing exacerbations?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The classic manifestations associated with Parkinson's disease are tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. The nurse understands that a finding related to postural instability includes which of the following?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A female client with multiple sclerosis is being treated with prednisone and the immunomodulator drug interferon B-1a to manage the condition. Which finding is the most important for the nurse to report to the provider?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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