A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing hypovolemia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

The correct answer is choicea. Swelling of the face.

Choice A rationale:

Swelling of the face can be a sign of preeclampsia, a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.Preeclampsia can lead to complications for both the mother and the baby if not managed properly.

Choice B rationale:

Urinary frequency is a common symptom during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and the growing uterus pressing on the bladder.It is generally not a cause for concern unless accompanied by other symptoms like pain or burning during urination.

Choice C rationale:

Faintness upon rising, also known as orthostatic hypotension, is common in pregnancy due to changes in blood circulation.It can often be managed by rising slowly and ensuring adequate hydration.

Choice D rationale:

Bleeding gums are common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that increase blood flow to the gums, making them more sensitive and prone to bleeding.Good oral hygiene can help manage this symptom.

. Taking a hot shower in the morning can help decrease stiffness and improve joint mobility for people with rheumatoid arthritis. This is one of the self-management strategies that can reduce pain and disability.

Choice A is wrong because applying cold packs directly on the skin of the affected joints can cause vasoconstriction and increase inflammation.

Cold therapy should be used with caution and with a barrier between the skin and the ice pack.

Choice B is wrong because biological response modifiers are not used to prevent infection, but to reduce inflammation and slow down joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis.

These medications can actually increase the risk of infection by suppressing the immune system.

Choice D is wrong because clustering physical activities during the day can cause fatigue and joint stress for people with rheumatoid arthritis.

It is better to pace activities throughout the day and take frequent breaks to rest the joints.

Normal ranges for rheumatoid arthritis are based on the disease activity score (DAS), which measures the number of swollen and tender joints, the level of inflammation in the blood, and the patient’s global assessment of health. A DAS below 2.6 indicates remission, a DAS between 2.6 and 3.2 indicates low disease activity, a DAS between 3.2 and 5.1 indicates moderate disease activity, and a DAS above 5.1 indicates high disease activity.