A nurse is assessing a client with suspected kidney stones. The client reports experiencing severe pain in the back and lower abdomen, along with nausea and vomiting. On physical examination, the nurse notes costovertebral angle tenderness. Which type of kidney stones is most likely causing the client's symptoms?

Calcium oxalate stones

Struvite stones

Cystine stones

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Uric acid stones may cause pain, but they do not typically present with costovertebral angle tenderness. Uric acid stones are more likely to be associated with gout and hyperuricemia.

B. Calcium oxalate stones are common and can cause pain, but they do not typically cause costovertebral angle tenderness. They are more likely to cause localized pain in the back or side.

C. This is the correct answer. Struvite stones, also known as infection stones, can cause severe pain that radiates to the back and lower abdomen. They are often associated with urinary tract infections, and the presence of an infection can lead to costovertebral angle tenderness.

D. Cystine stones are rare and are more likely to cause chronic, dull pain rather than sudden and severe pain with tenderness.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pain relief is important in managing kidney stone pain, but potassium citrate is not primarily prescribed for this purpose.

B. Acid-base balance regulation may be one of the functions of potassium citrate, but it is not the primary purpose when prescribed to a client with renal calculus.

C. Urinary tract infection treatment is not the primary purpose of potassium citrate. While it may have some benefits in preventing certain types of urinary tract infections associated with stones, its primary purpose is not to treat infections.

D. This is the correct answer. Potassium citrate is prescribed to help dissolve certain types of kidney stones, particularly calcium oxalate stones and uric acid stones. It works by increasing the pH of the urine, making it more alkaline and less conducive to stone formation.

A. "Avoid foods high in oxalate, such as spinach and nuts." B. "Limit your intake of purine-rich foods like organ meats and shellfish." C. "Reduce your consumption of dairy products to lower calcium intake." D. "Limit your intake of high-phosphorus foods like red meat and dairy."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Avoiding foods high in oxalate is more relevant to the prevention of calcium oxalate stones, not struvite stones.

B. Limiting intake of purine-rich foods is more relevant to the prevention of uric acid stones, not struvite stones.

C. This statement is not correct. Reducing calcium intake is not recommended for struvite stones. In fact, calcium is an essential nutrient for overall health.

D. This is the correct answer. Struvite stones are composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. Limiting the intake of high-phosphorus foods can help prevent the formation of these stones.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with a history of renal calculus is prescribed potassium citrate. Which of the following is the primary purpose of this medication?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with struvite stones. Which dietary recommendation should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client comes to the emergency room complaining of sudden, excruciating pain in the lower back and side. The nurse suspects renal calculus. Which term best describes this type of pain?

A nurse is providing education to a client who has been diagnosed with renal calculus. Which lifestyle factor is the nurse most likely to address to reduce the risk of kidney stones?

A client with a history of calcium oxalate stones asks the nurse, "Can I continue taking vitamin C supplements?" Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

A client with a history of kidney stones is prescribed a thiazide diuretic. The nurse should monitor the client's laboratory values for which electrolyte imbalance?

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected renal calculus. Which of the following symptoms may accompany kidney stone pain if the stone causes obstruction in the urinary tract?

A client with a history of renal calculus is prescribed potassium citrate. Which of the following is the primary purpose of this medication?

A nurse is providing postoperative care instructions to a client who underwent ureteroscopy for the removal of a kidney stone. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A client asks the nurse, "How can I prevent the formation of kidney stones?" Which response by the nurse is most accurate?