A nurse is assessing a client's ECG strip and notes an irregular heart rate of 98/min with no clear P waves. Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias should the nurse document?
First-degree heart block
Atrial fibrillation
Complete heart block
Ventricular tachycardia
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. First-degree heart block: This rhythm shows a prolonged PR interval but maintains regular P waves before every QRS complex and a consistent rhythm. The presence of P waves and regularity rule out this option.
B. Atrial fibrillation: Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregularly irregular rhythm and absent or indistinct P waves due to disorganized atrial electrical activity. A heart rate of 98/min with no clear P waves fits the criteria for this dysrhythmia.
C. Complete heart block: Complete (third-degree) heart block features a complete dissociation between atrial and ventricular activity, with P waves and QRS complexes occurring independently. It typically presents with a bradycardic rhythm, not near 98/min.
D. Ventricular tachycardia: Ventricular tachycardia presents with a rapid, regular rhythm and wide QRS complexes. It usually lacks P waves but is typically much faster than 98/min, often ranging from 140 to 200 beats/min.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Verify the alarm settings on the ventilator: Ensuring alarms are properly set is a routine safety check but does not directly address the client's agitation or risk of self-extubation. It is important but not the priority action in this scenario.
B. Turn on the television: Providing distraction may help reduce mild anxiety but is insufficient for managing significant agitation in a mechanically ventilated client who may become dangerous to themselves if they pull out the endotracheal tube.
C. Obtain a prescription for a vest restraint: Physical restraints should be a last resort after attempting less restrictive methods. Using restraints without addressing the underlying cause of agitation (e.g., discomfort, anxiety, pain) can increase distress and injury risk.
D. Administer a sedative medication: Sedation is appropriate for a mechanically ventilated client who is agitated and at risk for self-extubation. Sedatives help ensure patient comfort, reduce anxiety, and promote ventilator synchrony while protecting the airway.
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A,B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"A,B"}}
Explanation
Rationale:
- Report of pain: Abdominal pain is common in both cirrhosis and viral hepatitis due to liver inflammation, capsule stretching, or complications like ascites. In hepatitis, pain is often acute and located in the right upper quadrant, while in cirrhosis, it may be more generalized or related to portal hypertension.
- Eye sclera finding: Jaundice, noted as yellowing of the sclera, occurs in both conditions due to impaired bilirubin metabolism. In cirrhosis, it's due to chronic hepatocellular failure, while in viral hepatitis, it's from acute inflammation impairing bilirubin excretion.
- Alcohol intake history: A 25-year history of heavy alcohol use is a strong risk factor for alcoholic cirrhosis. While alcohol use can worsen viral hepatitis, it is not a primary cause of viral hepatitis, which is due to infection with hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, etc.).
- Report of energy level: Fatigue is a common symptom in both conditions due to impaired liver function, toxin accumulation, anemia, or systemic inflammation. In viral hepatitis, fatigue is often sudden and profound, while in cirrhosis, it is usually chronic and progressive.
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