A nurse is assessing a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Hacking cough

Abdominal distension

Dependent edema

Jugular venous distention

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Hacking cough: This is the correct answer. Left-sided heart failure can lead to pulmonary congestion, resulting in a cough that is often described as "hacking" or "persistent." This cough may be worse at night when the client is lying down.

B. Abdominal distension: Abdominal distension is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure, as fluid accumulates in the abdomen (ascites). In left-sided heart failure, fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to pulmonary symptoms.

C. Dependent edema: Dependent edema is also more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure. In left-sided heart failure, fluid tends to accumulate in the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion and related symptoms.

D. Jugular venous distention: Jugular venous distention is often seen in right-sided heart failure due to impaired blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle. This finding is less likely to be prominent in left-sided heart failure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "Increasing my intake of foods containing trans-fatty acids can lower my risk." - This statement is incorrect. Trans-fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The client should be advised to reduce or eliminate the consumption of foods containing trans fats.

B. "Adding foods containing omega-3 fatty acids to my diet can lower my risk." - This statement is correct. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and certain plant sources, have been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease.

C. "A weight loss program can decrease my LDL cholesterol level." - This statement is correct. Weight loss, especially in the context of a healthy diet and regular exercise, can contribute to a decrease in LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels.

D. "Exercising regularly will increase HDL cholesterol levels." - This statement is correct. Regular exercise is associated with an increase in HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, which is considered beneficial for heart health.

A. Hypertension B. Diarrhea C. Fatigue D. Bradycardia

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypertension: Anemia is more likely to be associated with hypotension rather than hypertension. The body often responds to anemia by increasing heart rate and cardiac output to compensate for reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.

B. Diarrhea: Anemia itself is not directly associated with diarrhea. Excess blood loss can lead to anemia, but diarrhea is not a typical manifestation of anemia.

C. Fatigue: This is the correct answer. Fatigue is a common symptom of anemia, as reduced oxygen delivery to tissues can lead to feelings of weakness, tiredness, and lack of energy.

D. Bradycardia: Anemia is more likely to be associated with compensatory tachycardia (increased heart rate) rather than bradycardia. The body attempts to maintain oxygen delivery to tissues by increasing cardiac output.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has left-sided heart failure. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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