A nurse is assessing a newborn 1 hour after birth.
The nurse recognizes that which of the following respiratory rates is within the expected reference range for a newborn?

Choice A rationale

Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is a condition that can occur in newborns, especially those born to mothers with gestational diabetes. However, there is no information in the question indicating that the mother had gestational diabetes. Therefore, while hypoglycemia is a possible complication for newborns, it is not the most likely complication in this case based on the information provided.

Choice B rationale

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a group of problems that occur in a newborn who was exposed to addictive opiate drugs while in the mother’s womb. NAS can occur when a pregnant woman takes drugs such as heroin, codeine, oxycodone (Oxycontin), methadone, or buprenorphine. These and other substances pass through the placenta that connects the baby to its mother in the womb and can cause the baby to become dependent on the drug. In this case, the mother’s urine toxicology screen was positive for cocaine and marijuana, both of which are illicit drugs. This puts the newborn at risk for developing NAS2.

Choice C rationale

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a breathing disorder that affects newborns. RDS is more common in premature babies because their lungs aren’t fully developed. However, the newborn in the question was born at 38 weeks gestation, which is considered full term. Therefore, while RDS is a possible complication for newborns, it is not the most likely complication in this case based on the information provided.

Choice D rationale

Neonatal jaundice is a condition that can occur in newborns due to high levels of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during normal breakdown of red blood cells. In older babies and adults, the liver processes bilirubin, which then passes from the body through the stool and urine. However, a newborn’s still-developing liver may not be mature enough to remove this bilirubin. While neonatal jaundice is a common condition, there is no information in the question indicating that the newborn is at risk for developing this complication.

Choice A rationale

It is not recommended to increase weight-bearing exercises during pregnancy. Weight-bearing exercises can put additional stress on the joints, which are already under strain due to the increased weight and changes in body shape during pregnancy.

Choice B rationale

It is not necessary to refrain from exercises that include stretching during pregnancy. In fact, gentle stretching can be beneficial to help alleviate some common discomforts of pregnancy such as backache and leg cramps.

Choice C rationale

Moderate exercise does improve circulation. Improved circulation can help reduce swelling, varicose veins, and feelings of fatigue, which are common during pregnancy.

Choice D rationale

It is not necessary to rest for 30 minutes before each new exercise. However, pregnant women should listen to their bodies and rest if they feel tired.