A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select all that apply.)

Large ears

Protruding tongue

Transverse palmar creases

Muscular hypertonicity

Low birth weight

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C

B. A protruding tongue, often due to a small mouth and poor muscle tone (hypotonia), is a common feature of Down syndrome. This tongue appearance can contribute to difficulties with feeding and speech development.

C. Instead of a single palmar crease (known as a simian crease), individuals with Down syndrome often have transverse palmar creases. This occurs in about 45-50% of cases and is considered a characteristic feature.

A. While large ears are not typically listed as a common feature, individuals with Down's Syndrome may have unusually shaped or small ears.

D. Hypertonicity refers to increased muscle tone or stiffness. In Down syndrome, however, hypotonia (reduced muscle tone) is more common, especially in infancy. Therefore, muscular hypertonicity is not typically associated with Down syndrome.

E While low birth weight can occur in some infants with Down syndrome, it is not a universal characteristic. In fact, some infants with Down syndrome may be born at average or even slightly higher birth weights.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Massage can stimulate large-diameter nerve fibers that carry non-painful sensations (such as touch and pressure). Activation of these fibers can help close the gate, reducing the transmission of painful stimuli from smaller pain fibers. Therefore, massaging the client's back aligns with the Gate Control Theory by modulating sensory input to the spinal cord.

A. This action can help distract the client from pain and reduce anxiety, which can potentially close the "gate" and decrease the perception of pain. By promoting relaxation and rest, the nurse may indirectly influence the gating mechanism to inhibit pain signals.

C. Positioning the client can be beneficial during labor for various reasons, such as improving blood flow and easing the labor process. While specific lateral positioning (like the left side) may not directly relate to the Gate Control Theory, it can contribute to overall comfort and relaxation, which can influence pain perception indirectly.

D. While analgesic medication can effectively relieve pain, it operates primarily through chemical modulation of pain receptors and pathways in the nervous system. It does not directly interact with the gate mechanism described by the Gate Control Theory. However, by reducing the intensity of pain signals reaching the brain, it can still alleviate pain experienced by the client.

Correct Answer is ["0.4"]

Explanation

Volume= desired dose/available concentration per ml Available concentration per ml= 3g/5ml= 0.6g/ml

1g= 1000mg 0.6g= 600mg

Volume= 250mg/600mg per ml Volume= 0.4166ml

Therefore, the nurse should administer 0.4mls of antibiotic.

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A nurse is assessing a newborn who has Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome). Which of the following are common characteristics? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor. Which of the following nursing actions reflects application of the gate control theory of pain?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer 250 mg of an antibiotic IM to a pregnant client for a STI. Available is 3 g/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Correct Answer is ["0.4"]

Explanation

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