A nurse is assessing a patient who has chronic bronchitis. The nurse should expect the patient's chest to be which of the following shapes?

Pigeon.

Funnel.

Kyphotic.

Barrel.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

The choice "Pigeon" is not the correct answer. Pigeon chest, also known as pectus carinatum, is a deformity of the chest characterized by a protrusion of the sternum and ribs. This condition is not associated with chronic bronchitis.

Choice B rationale:

The choice "Funnel" is not the correct answer. Funnel chest, or pectus excavatum, is a deformity where the sternum is sunken into the chest. It is not the expected chest shape in chronic bronchitis.

Choice C rationale:

The choice "Kyphotic" is not the correct answer. Kyphosis refers to an excessive outward curvature of the thoracic spine, leading to a rounded upper back appearance. This is not the typical chest shape seen in chronic bronchitis.

Choice D rationale:

The correct answer is "Barrel." Choice D is the correct answer. Chronic bronchitis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing. Over time, this can lead to air trapping in the lungs and an increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the chest. This results in a barrel-shaped chest appearance, where the chest appears rounded and the ribs are more horizontal. This adaptation allows for increased lung capacity to accommodate for the compromised airflow in patients with chronic bronchitis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Placing the cuff bladder over the client's brachial artery is a correct action when obtaining a blood pressure reading. This choice demonstrates proper cuff placement, which is essential for an accurate measurement.

Choice B rationale:

Placing the client's arm above the level of the client's heart is an incorrect action when obtaining a blood pressure reading. The client's arm should be supported at heart level to ensure accurate measurement. This choice indicates a need for further instruction as it could lead to an artificially low blood pressure reading.

Choice C rationale:

Wrapping the blood pressure cuff snugly around the client's arm is a correct action when obtaining a blood pressure reading. This choice demonstrates proper cuff application, which is necessary for accurate results.

Choice D rationale:

Checking the instrument gauge to ensure the reading starts at zero is a correct action when obtaining a blood pressure reading. This choice reflects a proper step to verify that the equipment is calibrated correctly.

A. Left fourth intercostal space at the sternal border. B. Left third intercostal space at the sternal border. C. Left second intercostal space at the midclavicular line. D. Left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The correct answer is: d. Left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line.

Choice A: Left fourth intercostal space at the sternal border

The fourth intercostal space at the sternal border is not the typical location for the Point of Maximal Impulse (PMI). This area is more commonly associated with the tricuspid valve auscultation point. The PMI is usually found more laterally and inferiorly.

Choice B: Left third intercostal space at the sternal border

The third intercostal space at the sternal border is also not the correct location for the PMI. This area is generally used for auscultating the pulmonic valve. The PMI is located further down and towards the midclavicular line.

Choice C: Left second intercostal space at the midclavicular line

The second intercostal space at the midclavicular line is typically where the aortic valve is auscultated. The PMI is not found this high up on the chest.

Choice D: Left fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line

This is the correct location for palpating the Point of Maximal Impulse (PMI). The PMI is usually located at the apex of the heart, which is found at the left fifth intercostal space along the midclavicular line. This is where the left ventricle is closest to the chest wall and can be felt most strongly during systole.

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A nurse is assessing a patient who has chronic bronchitis. The nurse should expect the patient's chest to be which of the following shapes?

Nursing Test Bank

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